Stribild
(tenofovir disoproxil fumarate)Dosage & Administration
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Stribild Prescribing Information
WARNING: POSTTREATMENT ACUTE EXACERBATION OF HEPATITIS B
See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning.
Severe acute exacerbations of hepatitis B have been reported in patients coinfected with HIV-1 and HBV who have discontinued EMTRIVA or VIREAD, two of the components of STRIBILD. Hepatic function should be monitored closely in these patients. If appropriate, initiation of anti-hepatitis B therapy may be warranted.
STRIBILD® is indicated as a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older weighing at least 35 kg who have no antiretroviral treatment history or to replace the current antiretroviral regimen in those who are virologically suppressed (HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies/mL) on a stable antiretroviral regimen for at least 6 months with no history of treatment failure and no known substitutions associated with resistance to the individual components of STRIBILD [see Clinical Studies (14)].
Testing Prior to Initiation and During Treatment with STRIBILD
Prior to initiation of STRIBILD, test patients for hepatitis B virus infection [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Prior to initiation and during use of STRIBILD, on a clinically appropriate schedule, assess serum creatinine, estimated creatinine clearance, urine glucose, and urine protein in all patients. In patients with chronic kidney disease, also assess serum phosphorus [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
Recommended Dosage
STRIBILD is a four-drug fixed dose combination product containing 150 mg of elvitegravir, 150 mg of cobicistat, 200 mg of emtricitabine, and 300 mg of TDF. The recommended dosage of STRIBILD is one tablet taken orally once daily with food in adults and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older with a body weight at least 35 kg and creatinine clearance greater than or equal to 70 mL per minute [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Dosage Adjustment in Patients with Renal Impairment
Initiation of STRIBILD in patients with estimated creatinine clearance below 70 mL per minute is not recommended. Because STRIBILD is a fixed-dose combination tablet, STRIBILD should be discontinued if estimated creatinine clearance declines below 50 mL per minute during treatment with STRIBILD, as the dose interval adjustment required for emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF) cannot be achieved [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2), Adverse Reactions (6.1), Use in Specific Populations (8.6), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3), and Clinical Studies (14)].
No data are available to make dose recommendations for pediatric patients with renal impairment.
Not Recommended in Patients with Severe Hepatic Impairment
STRIBILD is not recommended for use in patients with severe hepatic impairment [see Use in Specific Populations (8.7) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Not Recommended During Pregnancy
STRIBILD is not recommended for use during pregnancy because of substantially lower exposures of cobicistat and elvitegravir during the second and third trimesters [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].
STRIBILD should not be initiated in pregnant individuals. An alternative regimen is recommended for individuals who become pregnant during therapy with STRIBILD [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].
Each STRIBILD tablet contains 150 mg of elvitegravir, 150 mg of cobicistat, 200 mg of emtricitabine, and 300 mg of TDF (equivalent to 245 mg of tenofovir disoproxil).
The tablets are green, capsule shaped, film coated, and debossed with "GSI" on one side and the number "1" surrounded by a square box ( 
) on the other side.
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Exposure Registry
There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to STRIBILD during pregnancy. Healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by calling the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry (APR) at 1-800-258-4263.
Risk Summary
STRIBILD is not recommended during pregnancy [see Dosage and Administration (2.5)]. A literature report evaluating the pharmacokinetics (PK) of antiretrovirals during pregnancy demonstrated substantially lower exposures of elvitegravir and cobicistat in the second and third trimesters (see Data).
Prospective pregnancy data from the APR are not sufficient to adequately assess the risk of birth defects or miscarriage. However, elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and TDF use during pregnancy have been evaluated in a limited number of individuals as reported to the APR. Available data from the APR show no significant difference in the overall risk of major birth defects for elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, or TDF compared with the background rate for major birth defects of 2.7% in a U.S. reference population of the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP) (see Data). The rate of miscarriage is not reported in the APR. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 15–20%.
In animal studies, no adverse developmental effects were observed when the components of STRIBILD were administered separately during the period of organogenesis at exposures up to 23 and 0.2 times (rats and rabbits, respectively, elvitegravir), 1.8 and 4.3 times (rats and rabbits, respectively, cobicistat), and 60 and 120 times (mice and rabbits, respectively, emtricitabine) the exposure at the recommended daily dose of these components in STRIBILD, and at 14 and 19 times (rats and rabbits, respectively, TDF) the human dose based on body surface area comparisons [see Data]. Likewise, no adverse developmental effects were seen when elvitegravir or cobicistat was administered to rats through lactation at exposures up to 18 times or 1.2 times, respectively, the exposure at the recommended daily therapeutic dose, and when emtricitabine was administered to mice through lactation at exposures up to approximately 60 times the exposure at the recommended daily therapeutic dose. No adverse effects were observed in the offspring of rats when TDF was administered through lactation at tenofovir exposures of approximately 2.7 times the exposure at the recommended daily dosage of STRIBILD.
Data
Human Data
A prospective study, reported in the literature, enrolled 30 pregnant women living with HIV who were receiving elvitegravir and cobicistat-based regimens in the second or third trimesters of pregnancy and through 6 to 12 weeks postpartum to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of antiretrovirals during pregnancy. Twenty-eight women completed the study through the postpartum period. Paired pregnancy/postpartum PK data were available from 14 and 24 women for the second and third trimesters, respectively. Exposures of elvitegravir and cobicistat were substantially lower during the second and third trimesters compared to postpartum. The proportion of pregnant women who were virologically suppressed was 77% in the second trimester, 92% in the third trimester, and 76% postpartum. No correlation was observed between viral suppression and elvitegravir exposure. HIV status was also assessed for infants: 25 were uninfected, 2 had indeterminate status, and no information was available for 3 infants.
Prospective reports from the APR of overall major birth defects in pregnancies exposed to the components of STRIBILD are compared with a U.S. background major birth defect rate. Methodological limitations of the APR include the use of MACDP as the external comparator group. The MACDP population is not disease-specific, evaluates women and infants from a limited geographic area, and does not include outcomes for births that occurred at <20 weeks gestation.
Elvitegravir: Based on prospective reports to the APR of exposures to elvitegravir-containing regimens during pregnancy resulting in live births (including over 300 exposed in the first trimester and over 60 exposed in the second/third trimester), the prevalence of birth defects in live births was 3.4% (95% CI: 1.7% to 6.0%) and 1.5% (95% CI: 0% to 7.9%) following first and second/third trimester exposure, respectively, to elvitegravir-containing regimens.
Cobicistat: Based on prospective reports to the APR of exposures to cobicistat-containing regimens during pregnancy resulting in live births (including over 400 exposed in the first trimester and over 80 exposed in the second/third trimester), the prevalence of birth defects in live births was 3.9% (95% CI: 2.2% to 6.3%) and 1.2% (95% CI: 0.0% to 6.5%) following first and second/third trimester exposure, respectively, to cobicistat-containing regimens.
Emtricitabine: Based on prospective reports to the APR of exposures to emtricitabine-containing regimens during pregnancy resulting in live births (including over 3,600 exposed in the first trimester and over 1,400 exposed in the second/third trimester), the prevalence of birth defects in live births was 2.6% (95% CI: 2.1% to 3.2%) and 2.4% (95% CI: 1.6% to 3.3%) following first and second/third trimester exposure, respectively, to emtricitabine-containing regimens.
Tenofovir DF: Based on prospective reports to the APR of exposures to TDF-containing regimens during pregnancy resulting in live births (including over 4,200 exposed in the first trimester and over 1,800 exposed in the second/third trimester), the prevalence of birth defects in live births was 2.4% (95% CI: 1.9% to 2.9%) and 2.4% (95% CI: 1.8% to 3.2%) following first and second/third trimester exposure, respectively, to TDF-containing regimens.
Animal Data
Elvitegravir: Elvitegravir was administered orally to pregnant rats (at 0, 300, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day), and rabbits (at 0, 50, 150, and 450 mg/kg/day) through organogenesis (on gestation days 7 through 17 and days 7 through 19, respectively). No significant toxicological effects were observed in embryo-fetal toxicity studies performed with elvitegravir in rats at exposures (AUC) approximately 23 times higher and in rabbits at approximately 0.2 times higher than human exposures at the recommended daily dose. In a pre- and postnatal developmental study in rats, elvitegravir was administered orally at doses of 0, 300, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg from gestation day 7 to day 20 of lactation. At doses of 2000 mg/kg/day of elvitegravir, neither maternal nor developmental toxicity was noted. Systemic exposures (AUC) at this dose were 18 times the human exposures at the recommended daily dose.
Cobicistat: Cobicistat was administered orally to pregnant rats at doses of 0, 25, 50, and 125 mg/kg/day on gestation day 6 to 17. Increases in post-implantation loss and decreased fetal weights were observed at a maternal toxic dose of 125 mg/kg/day. No malformations were noted at doses up to 125 mg/kg/day. Systemic exposures (AUC) at 50 mg/kg/day in pregnant females were 1.8 times higher than human exposures at the recommended daily dose.
In pregnant rabbits, cobicistat was administered orally at doses of 0, 20, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day during the gestation days 7 to 20. No maternal or embryo/fetal effects were noted at the highest dose of 100 mg/kg/day. Systemic exposures (AUC) at 100 mg/kg/day were 4.3 times higher than human exposures at the recommended daily dose. In a pre- and postnatal developmental study in rats, cobicistat was administered orally at doses of 0, 10, 30, and 75 mg/kg from gestation day 6 to postnatal day 20, 21, or 22. At doses of 75 mg/kg/day of cobicistat, neither maternal nor developmental toxicity was noted. Systemic exposures (AUC) at this dose were 1.2 times the human exposures at the recommended daily dose.
Emtricitabine: Emtricitabine was administered orally to pregnant mice (at 0, 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg/day), and rabbits (at 0, 100, 300, or 1000 mg/kg/day) through organogenesis (on gestation days 6 through 15, and 7 through 19, respectively). No significant toxicological effects were observed in embryo-fetal toxicity studies performed with emtricitabine in mice at exposures (AUC) approximately 60 times higher and in rabbits at approximately 120 times higher than human exposures at the recommended daily dose. In a pre/postnatal development study in mice, emtricitabine was administered orally at doses up to 1000 mg/kg/day; no significant adverse effects directly related to drug were observed in the offspring exposed daily from before birth (in utero) through sexual maturity at daily exposures (AUC) of approximately 60 times higher than human exposures at the recommended daily dose.
Tenofovir DF: Tenofovir DF was administered orally to pregnant rats (at 0, 50, 150, or 450 mg/kg/day) and rabbits (at 0, 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg/day) through organogenesis (on gestation days 7 through 17, and 6 through 18, respectively). No significant toxicological effects were observed in embryo-fetal toxicity studies performed with TDF in rats at doses up to 14 times the human dose based on body surface area comparisons and in rabbits at doses up to 19 times the human dose based on body surface area comparisons. In a pre/postnatal development study in rats, TDF was administered orally through lactation at doses up to 600 mg/kg/day; no adverse effects were observed in the offspring at tenofovir exposures of approximately 2.7 times higher than human exposures at the recommended daily dose of STRIBILD.
Lactation
Risk Summary
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that HIV-infected mothers not breastfeed their infants to avoid risking postnatal transmission of HIV.
Based on limited published data, emtricitabine and tenofovir have been shown to be present in human breast milk. It is not known whether elvitegravir or cobicistat are present in human breast milk, while elvitegravir and cobicistat have been shown to be present in rat milk (see Data).
It is not known if the components of STRIBILD affect milk production or have effects on the breastfed child. Because of the potential for: (1) HIV transmission (in HIV-negative infants); (2) developing viral resistance (in HIV-positive infants); and (3) adverse reactions in a breastfed infant similar to those seen in adults, instruct mothers not to breastfeed if they are receiving STRIBILD (see Data).
Animal Data
Elvitegravir: During the prenatal and postnatal developmental toxicology study at doses up to 2000 mg/kg/day mean elvitegravir milk to plasma ratio of 0.1 was measured 30 minutes after administration to rats on lactation day 14.
Cobicistat: During the prenatal and postnatal developmental toxicology study at doses up to 75 mg/kg/day mean cobicistat milk to plasma ratio of up to 1.9 was measured 2 hours after administration to rats on lactation day 10.
Pediatric Use
The pharmacokinetics, safety, and virologic and immunologic responses were evaluated in 50 treatment-naïve, HIV-1 infected subjects aged 12 to less than 18 years weighing at least 35 kg receiving STRIBILD through 48 weeks in an open-label trial (Study 112). The safety and efficacy of STRIBILD in these subjects was similar to that in antiretroviral treatment-naïve adults [see Dosage and Administration (2.2), Adverse Reactions (6.1), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3), and Clinical Studies (14.4)].
Safety and effectiveness of STRIBILD in pediatric patients less than 12 years of age or weighing less than 35 kg have not been established.
Geriatric Use
Clinical studies of STRIBILD did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. In general, caution should be exercised in the administration of STRIBILD in elderly patients, keeping in mind the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Renal Impairment
Initiation of STRIBILD in patients with estimated creatinine clearance below 70 mL per min is not recommended. Because STRIBILD is a fixed-dose combination tablet, STRIBILD should be discontinued if estimated creatinine clearance declines below 50 mL per minute during treatment with STRIBILD as dose interval adjustment required for emtricitabine and TDF cannot be achieved [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2), Adverse Reactions (6.1), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3), and Clinical Studies (14)].
No data are available to make dose recommendations for pediatric patients with renal impairment.
Clinical Trials in Adult Subjects with Mild to Moderate Renal Impairment
In Study 118, 33 HIV-1 infected treatment-naïve subjects with mild to moderate renal impairment (eGFR by Cockcroft-Gault method between 50 and 89 mL/minute) were studied in an open-label clinical trial evaluating the safety of 48 weeks of treatment with STRIBILD. After 48 weeks of treatment, the mean change in serum creatinine was 0.17 ± 0.14 mg/dL and the mean change in eGFR by Cockcroft-Gault method was −6.9 ± 9.0 mL/minute for subjects treated with STRIBILD.
Twelve of the 33 subjects studied had baseline eGFR between 50 and 70 mL/minute. Three subjects, all with baseline eGFR between 50–60 mL/minute, discontinued STRIBILD due to a renal adverse event. The safety of STRIBILD among 21 of the 33 subjects with baseline eGFR greater than or equal to 70 mL/minute was consistent with the safety profile in studies 102 and 103.
Hepatic Impairment
No dose adjustment of STRIBILD is required in patients with mild (Child-Pugh Class A) or moderate (Child-Pugh Class B) hepatic impairment. No pharmacokinetic or safety data are available regarding the use of STRIBILD in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C). Therefore, STRIBILD is not recommended for use in patients with severe hepatic impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Coadministration of STRIBILD is contraindicated with drugs that are highly dependent on CYP3A for clearance and for which elevated plasma concentrations are associated with serious and/or life-threatening events. These drugs and other contraindicated drugs (which may lead to reduced efficacy of STRIBILD and possible resistance) are listed below [see Drug Interactions (7.5) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
- Alpha 1-adrenoreceptor antagonist: alfuzosin
- Anticonvulsants: carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin
- Antimycobacterial: rifampin
- Antipsychotics: lurasidone, pimozide
- Ergot Derivatives: dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methylergonovine
- Herbal Products: St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum)
- Lipid-modifying Agents: lomitapide, lovastatin, simvastatin
- Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) Inhibitor: sildenafil when administered as Revatio® for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension
- Sedative/hypnotics: triazolam, orally administered midazolam
Severe Acute Exacerbation of Hepatitis B in Patients Coinfected with HIV-1 and HBV
All patients with HIV-1 should be tested for the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) before initiating antiretroviral therapy [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].
Severe acute exacerbations of hepatitis B (e.g., liver decompensated and liver failure) have been reported in patients who are coinfected with HIV-1 and HBV and have discontinued emtricitabine or TDF, two of the components of STRIBILD. Patients who are coinfected with HIV-1 and HBV should be closely monitored with both clinical and laboratory follow-up for at least several months after stopping treatment with STRIBILD. If appropriate, initiation of anti-hepatitis B therapy may be warranted, especially in patients with advanced liver disease or cirrhosis, since posttreatment exacerbation of hepatitis may lead to hepatic decompensation and liver failure.
New Onset or Worsening Renal Impairment
Renal impairment, including cases of acute renal failure and Fanconi syndrome (renal tubular injury with severe hypophosphatemia), has been reported with the use of TDF, a component of STRIBILD, and with the use of STRIBILD [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)].
In the clinical trials of STRIBILD over 144 weeks, 13 (1.9%) subjects in the STRIBILD group (N=701), 8 (2.3%) subjects in the atazanavir (ATV) + ritonavir (RTV) + TRUVADA® (emtricitabine 200 mg/TDF 300 mg) group (N=355), and no subjects in the ATRIPLA® (efavirenz 600 mg/emtricitabine 200 mg/TDF 300 mg) group (N=352) discontinued study drug due to a renal adverse reaction. Of these discontinuations, 8 in the STRIBILD group and 1 in the ATV+RTV+TRUVADA group occurred during the first 48 weeks. Four (0.6%) subjects who received STRIBILD developed laboratory findings consistent with proximal renal tubular dysfunction, leading to discontinuation of STRIBILD during the first 48 weeks of treatment. Two of the four subjects had renal impairment (i.e., estimated creatinine clearance less than 70 mL per minute) at baseline. The laboratory findings in these 4 subjects improved but did not completely resolve in all subjects upon discontinuation of STRIBILD. Renal replacement therapy was not required for these subjects. One (0.3%) subject who received ATV+RTV+TRUVADA developed laboratory findings consistent with proximal renal tubular dysfunction, leading to discontinuation of ATV+RTV+TRUVADA after Week 96.
STRIBILD should be avoided with concurrent or recent use of a nephrotoxic agent (e.g., high-dose or multiple nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]) [see Drug Interactions (7.4)]. Cases of acute renal failure after initiation of high-dose or multiple NSAIDs have been reported in HIV-infected patients with risk factors for renal dysfunction who appeared stable on TDF. Some patients required hospitalization and renal replacement therapy. Alternatives to NSAIDs should be considered, if needed, in patients at risk for renal dysfunction.
Persistent or worsening bone pain, pain in extremities, fractures, and/or muscular pain or weakness may be manifestations of proximal renal tubulopathy and should prompt an evaluation of renal function in at-risk patients.
Prior to initiation and during use of STRIBILD, on a clinically appropriate schedule, assess serum creatinine, estimated creatinine clearance, urine glucose, and urine protein in all patients. In patients with chronic kidney disease, also assess serum phosphorus. Discontinue STRIBILD in patients who develop clinically significant decreases in renal function or evidence of Fanconi syndrome. Initiation of STRIBILD in patients with estimated creatinine clearance below 70 mL per minute is not recommended [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].
Although cobicistat (a component of STRIBILD) may cause modest increases in serum creatinine and modest declines in estimated creatinine clearance without affecting renal glomerular function [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)], patients who experience a confirmed increase in serum creatinine of greater than 0.4 mg per dL from baseline should be closely monitored for renal safety.
The emtricitabine and TDF components of STRIBILD are primarily excreted by the kidney. STRIBILD should be discontinued if estimated creatinine clearance declines below 50 mL per minute as dose interval adjustment required for emtricitabine and TDF cannot be achieved with the fixed-dose combination tablet [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].
Lactic Acidosis/Severe Hepatomegaly with Steatosis
Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, including fatal cases, have been reported with the use of nucleoside analogs, including TDF and emtricitabine, components of STRIBILD, alone or in combination with other antiretrovirals. Treatment with STRIBILD should be suspended in any patient who develops clinical or laboratory findings suggestive of lactic acidosis or pronounced hepatotoxicity (which may include hepatomegaly and steatosis even in the absence of marked transaminase elevations).
Risk of Adverse Reactions or Loss of Virologic Response Due to Drug Interactions
The concomitant use of STRIBILD and other drugs may result in known or potentially significant drug interactions, some of which may lead to [see Contraindications (4) and Drug Interactions (7)]:
- Loss of therapeutic effect of STRIBILD and possible development of resistance.
- Clinically significant adverse reactions, potentially leading to severe, life-threatening, or fatal events, from greater exposures of concomitant drugs metabolized by CYP3A.
- Loss of therapeutic effect of concomitant drugs that utilize CYP3A to form active metabolites.
See Table 5 for steps to prevent or manage these possible and known significant drug interactions, including dosing recommendations [see Drug Interactions (7)]. Consider the potential for drug interactions prior to and during STRIBILD therapy; review concomitant medications during STRIBILD therapy; and monitor for the adverse reactions associated with the concomitant drugs.
Bone Loss and Mineralization Defects
Bone Mineral Density
In clinical trials in HIV-1 infected adults, TDF (a component of STRIBILD) was associated with slightly greater decreases in bone mineral density (BMD) and increases in biochemical markers of bone metabolism, suggesting increased bone turnover relative to comparators. Serum parathyroid hormone levels and 1,25 Vitamin D levels were also higher in subjects receiving TDF. For additional information, [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)] and consult the TDF prescribing information.
Clinical trials evaluating TDF in pediatric and adolescent subjects were conducted. Under normal circumstances, BMD increases rapidly in pediatric patients. In HIV-1 infected subjects aged 2 years to less than 18 years, bone effects were similar to those observed in adult subjects and suggest increased bone turnover. Total body BMD gain was less in the TDF-treated HIV-1 infected pediatric subjects as compared to the control groups. In all pediatric trials, skeletal growth (height) appeared to be unaffected. For more information, please consult the TDF prescribing information.
The effects of TDF-associated changes in BMD and biochemical markers on long-term bone health and future fracture risk are unknown. Assessment of BMD should be considered for HIV-1 infected adult and pediatric patients who have a history of pathologic bone fracture or other risk factors for osteoporosis or bone loss. Although the effect of supplementation with calcium and Vitamin D was not studied, such supplementation may be beneficial in all patients. If bone abnormalities are suspected, then appropriate consultation should be obtained.
Mineralization Defects
Cases of osteomalacia associated with proximal renal tubulopathy, manifested as bone pain or pain in extremities and which may contribute to fractures, have been reported in association with the use of TDF [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)]. Arthralgias and muscle pain or weakness have also been reported in cases of proximal renal tubulopathy. Hypophosphatemia and osteomalacia secondary to proximal renal tubulopathy should be considered in patients at risk of renal dysfunction who present with persistent or worsening bone or muscle symptoms while receiving products containing TDF [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
Immune Reconstitution Syndrome
Immune reconstitution syndrome has been reported in patients treated with combination antiretroviral therapy, including STRIBILD. During the initial phase of combination antiretroviral treatment, patients whose immune system responds may develop an inflammatory response to indolent or residual opportunistic infections (such as Mycobacterium avium infection, cytomegalovirus, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), or tuberculosis), which may necessitate further evaluation and treatment.
Autoimmune disorders (such as Graves' disease, polymyositis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and autoimmune hepatitis) have also been reported to occur in the setting of immune reconstitution; however, the time to onset is more variable and can occur many months after initiation of treatment.
The following adverse reactions are discussed in other sections of the labeling:
- Severe Acute Exacerbations of Hepatitis B in Patients Coinfected with HIV-1 and HBV [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
- New Onset or Worsening Renal Impairment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
- Lactic Acidosis/Severe Hepatomegaly with Steatosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
- Bone Loss and Mineralization Defects [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].
- Immune Reconstitution Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)].
Clinical Trials Experience
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
Clinical Trials in HIV-1 Infected Adult Subjects with No Antiretroviral Treatment History
The safety assessment of STRIBILD is based on the Week-144 pooled data from 1408 subjects in two randomized, double-blind, active-controlled clinical trials, Study 102 and Study 103, in antiretroviral treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected adult subjects [see Clinical Studies (14)]. A total of 701 subjects received STRIBILD once daily in these two studies.
The proportion of subjects who discontinued treatment with STRIBILD, ATRIPLA, or ATV+RTV+TRUVADA due to adverse events, regardless of severity, was 6.0%, 7.4%, and 8.5%, respectively. Table 1 displays the frequency of adverse reactions greater than or equal to 5% of subjects in any treatment arm.
| STRIBILD N=701 | ATRIPLA N=352 | ATV+RTV+TRUVADA N=355 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
| EYE DISORDERS | |||
| Ocular icterus | <1% | 0% | 13% |
| GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS | |||
| Diarrhea | 12% | 11% | 17% |
| Flatulence | 2% | <1% | 8% |
| Nausea | 16% | 9% | 14% |
| GENERAL DISORDERS AND ADMINISTRATION SITE CONDITIONS | |||
| Fatigue | 4% | 8% | 6% |
| HEPATOBILIARY DISORDERS | |||
| Jaundice | 0% | <1% | 9% |
| NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS | |||
| Somnolence | 1% | 7% | 1% |
| Headache | 7% | 4% | 6% |
| Dizziness | 3% | 21% | 5% |
| PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS | |||
| Insomnia | 3% | 9% | 1% |
| Abnormal dreams | 9% | 27% | 4% |
| SKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE DISORDERS | |||
| Rash † | 4% | 15% | 6% |
See Warnings and Precautions (5.2) for a discussion of renal adverse reactions from clinical trials experience with STRIBILD.
Additional adverse reactions observed with STRIBILD included suicidal ideation and suicide attempt (0.3%), all in subjects with a preexisting history of depression or psychiatric illness.
Clinical Trials in Virologically Suppressed HIV-1 Infected Adult Subjects
No new adverse reactions to STRIBILD through Week 48 were identified in 584 virologically stably suppressed adult subjects switching to STRIBILD from a regimen containing a RTV-boosted protease inhibitor (PI) or a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). In a combined analysis of studies 115 and 121, the frequency of adverse reactions (all grades) was 24% in subjects switching to STRIBILD compared to 6% of subjects in either group who stayed on their baseline antiretroviral regimen, RTV-boosted PI+TRUVADA or NNRTI+TRUVADA. Common adverse reactions that occurred in greater than or equal to 2% of subjects switching to STRIBILD were nausea (4%), flatulence (2%), and headache (2%). The proportion of subjects who discontinued treatment with STRIBILD, the RTV-boosted PI, or the NNRTI due to adverse events was 2%, 3%, and 1%, respectively.
Clinical Trials of the Components of STRIBILD in Adult Subjects
Emtricitabine and TDF: In addition to the adverse reactions observed with STRIBILD, the following adverse reactions occurred in at least 5% of treatment-experienced or treatment-naïve subjects receiving emtricitabine or TDF with other antiretroviral agents in other clinical trials: depression, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, vomiting, fever, pain, nasopharyngitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, upper respiratory tract infection, arthralgia, back pain, myalgia, paresthesia, peripheral neuropathy (including peripheral neuritis and neuropathy), anxiety, increased cough, and rhinitis.
Skin discoloration has been reported with higher frequency among emtricitabine-treated subjects; it was manifested by hyperpigmentation on the palms and/or soles and was generally mild and asymptomatic. The mechanism and clinical significance are unknown.
Laboratory Abnormalities:
The frequency of laboratory abnormalities (Grades 3–4) occurring in at least 2% of subjects receiving STRIBILD in studies 102 and 103 are presented in Table 2.
| Laboratory Parameter Abnormality *, † | STRIBILD N=701 | ATRIPLA N=352 | ATV+RTV+TRUVADA N=355 |
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
| AST (>5.0 × ULN) | 3% | 6% | 6% |
| ALT (>3.0 × ULN) | 2% | 5% | 4% |
| Amylase * (>2.0 × ULN) | 3% | 3% | 5% |
| Creatine Kinase (≥10.0 × ULN) | 8% | 15% | 11% |
| Urine RBC (Hematuria) (>75 RBC/HPF) | 4% | 2% | 4% |
In Study 103, BMD was assessed by DEXA in a nonrandom subset of 120 subjects (STRIBILD group, N=54; ATV+RTV+TRUVADA group, N=66). Mean percentage decreases in BMD from baseline to Week 144 in the STRIBILD group were comparable to that in the ATV+RTV+TRUVADA group at the lumbar spine (−1.43% versus −3.68%, respectively) and at the hip (−2.83% versus −3.77%, respectively). In studies 102 and 103, bone fractures occurred in 27 subjects (3.9%) in the STRIBILD group, 8 subjects (2.3%) in the ATRIPLA group, and 19 subjects (5.4%) in the ATV+RTV+TRUVADA group. These findings were consistent with data from an earlier 144-week trial of treatment-naïve subjects receiving TDF + lamivudine + efavirenz.
Proteinuria (all grades) occurred in 52% of subjects receiving STRIBILD, 41% of subjects receiving ATRIPLA, and 42% of subjects receiving ATV+RTV+TRUVADA.
The cobicistat component of STRIBILD has been shown to increase serum creatinine and decrease estimated creatinine clearance due to inhibition of tubular secretion of creatinine without affecting renal glomerular function. In studies 102 and 103, increases in serum creatinine and decreases in estimated creatinine clearance occurred early in treatment with STRIBILD, after which levels stabilized. Table 3 displays the mean changes in serum creatinine and eGFR levels at Week 144 and the percentage of subjects with elevations in serum creatinine (all grades).
| STRIBILD N=701 | ATRIPLA N=352 | ATV+RTV+TRUVADA N=355 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
| Serum Creatinine (mg/dL) * | 0.14 (±0.14) | 0.01 (±0.12) | 0.09 (±0.15) |
| eGFR by Cockcroft-Gault (mL/minute) * | −14.0 (±16.6) | −1.9 (±17.9) | −9.8 (±19.4) |
| Subjects with Elevations in Serum Creatinine (All Grades) (%) | 12 | 2 | 6 |
Emtricitabine or TDF: In addition to the laboratory abnormalities observed with STRIBILD, the following laboratory abnormalities have been previously reported in subjects treated with emtricitabine or TDF with other antiretroviral agents in other clinical trials: Grade 3 or 4 laboratory abnormalities of ALT (M: greater than 215 U per L; F: greater than 170 U per L), alkaline phosphatase (greater than 550 U per L), bilirubin (greater than 2.5 × ULN), serum glucose (less than 40 or greater than 250 mg per dL), glycosuria (greater than or equal to 3+), neutrophils (less than 750 per mm3), fasting cholesterol (greater than 240 mg per dL), and fasting triglycerides (greater than 750 mg per dL).
Serum Lipids: In the clinical trials of STRIBILD, a similar percentage of subjects receiving STRIBILD, ATRIPLA, and ATV+RTV+TRUVADA were on lipid-lowering agents at baseline (12%, 12%, and 13%, respectively). While receiving study drug through Week 144, an additional 11% of STRIBILD subjects were started on lipid-lowering agents, compared to 13% of ATRIPLA and 12% of ATV+RTV+TRUVADA subjects.
Changes from baseline in total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides are presented in Table 4.
| STRIBILD N=701 | ATRIPLA N=352 | ATV+RTV+TRUVADA N=355 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 144 | Baseline | Week 144 | Baseline | Week 144 | |
| mg/dL | Change * | mg/dL | Change * | mg/dL | Change * | |
| ||||||
| Total Cholesterol (fasted) | 166 [N=675] | +17 [N=535] | 161 [N=343] | +22 [N=262] | 168 [N=337] | +16 [N=243] |
| HDL-cholesterol (fasted) | 43 [N=675] | +7 [N=535] | 43 [N=343] | +9 [N=262] | 42 [N=335] | +7 [N=242] |
| LDL-cholesterol (fasted) | 100 [N=675] | +15 [N=535] | 97 [N=343] | +19 [N=262] | 101 [N=337] | +18 [N=242] |
| Triglycerides (fasted) | 122 [N=675] | +12 [N=535] | 121 [N=343] | +5 [N=262] | 132 [N=337] | +22 [N=242] |
Clinical Trials in Pediatric Subjects
The safety of STRIBILD in 50 HIV-1 infected, treatment-naïve pediatric subjects aged 12 to less than 18 years and weighing at least 35 kg was evaluated through 48 weeks in an open-label clinical trial (Study 112) [see Clinical Studies (14.4)]. In this study, the safety profile of STRIBILD was similar to that in adults. Twenty-two subjects (44%) had treatment-emergent proteinuria (Grades 1–2). One subject met laboratory criteria for proximal renal tubulopathy, evidenced by sustained proteinuria and normoglycemic glycosuria beginning at Week 32. The subject continued to receive STRIBILD and was ultimately lost to follow-up.
Among the 50 pediatric subjects receiving STRIBILD for 48 weeks, mean BMD increased from baseline to Week 48, +0.68% at the lumbar spine and +0.77% for total body less head. Mean changes from baseline BMD Z-scores (height-age adjusted) to Week 48 were −0.09 for lumbar spine and −0.12 for total body less head. At Week 48, 7 STRIBILD subjects had significant (greater than or equal to 4%) lumbar spine BMD loss and 2 had significant total body less head BMD loss.
Postmarketing Experience
The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of TDF. Because postmarketing reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. No additional postmarketing adverse reactions specific for emtricitabine have been identified.
Immune System Disorders
allergic reaction, including angioedema
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders
lactic acidosis, hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia
Respiratory, Thoracic, and Mediastinal Disorders
dyspnea
Gastrointestinal Disorders
pancreatitis, increased amylase, abdominal pain
Hepatobiliary Disorders
hepatic steatosis, hepatitis, increased liver enzymes (most commonly AST, ALT, gamma GT)
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders
rash
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders
rhabdomyolysis, osteomalacia (manifested as bone pain and which may contribute to fractures), muscular weakness, myopathy
Renal and Urinary Disorders
acute renal failure, renal failure, acute tubular necrosis, Fanconi syndrome, proximal renal tubulopathy, interstitial nephritis (including acute cases), nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, renal insufficiency, increased creatinine, proteinuria, polyuria
General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions
asthenia
The following adverse reactions, listed under the body system headings above, may occur as a consequence of proximal renal tubulopathy: rhabdomyolysis, osteomalacia, hypokalemia, muscular weakness, myopathy, hypophosphatemia.
Not Recommended with Other Antiretroviral Medications
STRIBILD is a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV-1 infection; therefore, STRIBILD should not be administered with other antiretroviral medications for treatment of HIV-1 infection. Complete information regarding potential drug-drug interactions with other antiretroviral medications is not provided [see Contraindications (4), Warnings and Precautions (5.4) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Potential for STRIBILD to Affect Other Drugs
Cobicistat, a component of STRIBILD, is an inhibitor of CYP3A and CYP2D6 and an inhibitor of the following transporters: P-glycoprotein (P-gp), BCRP, OATP1B1, and OATP1B3. Thus, coadministration of STRIBILD with drugs that are primarily metabolized by CYP3A or CYP2D6, or are substrates of P-gp, BCRP, OATP1B1, or OATP1B3, may result in increased plasma concentrations of such drugs. Coadministration of STRIBILD with drugs that have active metabolite(s) formed by CYP3A may result in reduced plasma concentration of these active metabolite(s) (Table 5).
Elvitegravir is a modest inducer of CYP2C9 and may decrease the plasma concentrations of CYP2C9 substrates.
Potential for Other Drugs to Affect One or More Components of STRIBILD
Elvitegravir and cobicistat, components of STRIBILD, are metabolized by CYP3A. Cobicistat is also metabolized, to a minor extent, by CYP2D6.
Drugs that induce CYP3A activity are expected to increase the clearance of elvitegravir and cobicistat, resulting in decreased plasma concentration of cobicistat and elvitegravir, which may lead to loss of therapeutic effect of STRIBILD and development of resistance (Table 5).
Coadministration of STRIBILD with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A may decrease the clearance and increase the plasma concentration of cobicistat (Table 5).
Drugs Affecting Renal Function
Because emtricitabine and tenofovir, components of STRIBILD, are primarily excreted by the kidneys by a combination of glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion, coadministration of STRIBILD with drugs that reduce renal function or compete for active tubular secretion may increase concentrations of emtricitabine, tenofovir, and other renally eliminated drugs and this may increase the risk of adverse reactions. Some examples of drugs that are eliminated by active tubular secretion include, but are not limited to, acyclovir, cidofovir, ganciclovir, valacyclovir, valganciclovir, aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin), and high-dose or multiple NSAIDs [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
Established and Other Potentially Significant Interactions
Table 5 provides a listing of established or potentially clinically significant drug interactions. The drug interactions described are based on studies conducted with either STRIBILD or the components of STRIBILD (elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and TDF) as individual agents and/or in combination, or are predicted drug interactions that may occur with STRIBILD [for magnitude of interaction see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. The table includes potentially significant interactions but is not all inclusive [see Contraindications (4) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
| Concomitant Drug Class: Drug Name | Effect on Concentration † | Clinical Comment |
|---|---|---|
| ||
| Alpha 1-adrenoreceptor antagonist: alfuzosin | ↑ alfuzosin | Coadministration with alfuzosin is contraindicated due to potential for serious and/or life-threatening reactions such as hypotension. |
| Antiarrhythmics: e.g., amiodarone bepridil digoxin ‡ disopyramide flecainide systemic lidocaine mexiletine propafenone quinidine | ↑ antiarrhythmics ↑ digoxin | Therapeutic concentration monitoring, if available, is recommended for antiarrhythmics when coadministered with STRIBILD. |
| Antibacterials: clarithromycin | ↑ clarithromycin ↑ cobicistat | Patients with CLcr greater than or equal to 60 mL/minute: No dose adjustment of clarithromycin is required. Patients with CLcr between 50 mL/minute and 60 mL/minute: The dose of clarithromycin should be reduced by 50%. |
| Anticoagulants: Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) apixaban rivaroxaban betrixaban dabigatran edoxaban | ↑ apixaban | Due to potentially increased bleeding risk, dosing recommendations for coadministration with STRIBILD depends on the apixaban dose. Refer to apixaban dosing instructions for coadministration with strong CYP3A and P-gp inhibitors in apixaban prescribing information. |
| ↑ rivaroxaban | Coadministration of rivaroxaban with STRIBILD is not recommended because it may lead to an increased bleeding risk. | |
| ↑ betrixaban ↑ dabigatran ↑ edoxaban | Due to potentially increased bleeding risk, dosing recommendations for coadministration of betrixaban, dabigatran, or edoxaban with a P-gp inhibitor such as STRIBILD depends on DOAC indication and renal function. Refer to DOAC dosing instructions for coadministration with P-gp inhibitors in DOAC prescribing information. | |
| warfarin | Effect on warfarin unknown | Monitor international normalized ratio (INR) upon coadministration of warfarin with STRIBILD. |
| Anticonvulsants: carbamazepine phenobarbital phenytoin | ↓ elvitegravir ↓ cobicistat | Coadministration with carbamazepine, phenobarbital, or phenytoin is contraindicated due to potential for loss of elvitegravir therapeutic effect and development of resistance. |
| oxcarbazepine | Alternative anticonvulsants should be considered when STRIBILD is coadministered with oxcarbazepine. | |
| clonazepam ethosuximide | ↑ clonazepam ↑ ethosuximide | Clinical monitoring is recommended upon coadministration of clonazepam or ethosuximide with STRIBILD. |
| Antidepressants: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) e.g., paroxetine | ↑ SSRIs (except sertraline) ↑ TCAs ↑ trazodone | Careful dose titration of the antidepressant and monitoring for antidepressant response are recommended when coadministered with STRIBILD. |
| Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) e.g., amitriptyline desipramine imipramine nortriptyline bupropion | ||
| trazodone | ||
| Antifungals: itraconazole ketoconazole ‡ voriconazole | ↑ elvitegravir ↑ cobicistat ↑ itraconazole ↑ ketoconazole ↑ voriconazole | When coadministered with STRIBILD, the maximum daily dose of ketoconazole or itraconazole should not exceed 200 mg per day. An assessment of benefit/risk ratio is recommended to justify use of voriconazole with STRIBILD. |
| Anti-gout: colchicine | ↑ colchicine | STRIBILD is not recommended to be coadministered with colchicine to patients with renal or hepatic impairment. Treatment of gout-flares – coadministration of colchicine in patients receiving STRIBILD: 0.6 mg (1 tablet) × 1 dose, followed by 0.3 mg (half tablet) 1 hour later. Treatment course to be repeated no earlier than 3 days. Prophylaxis of gout-flares – coadministration of colchicine in patients receiving STRIBILD: If the original regimen was 0.6 mg twice a day, the regimen should be adjusted to 0.3 mg once a day. If the original regimen was 0.6 mg once a day, the regimen should be adjusted to 0.3 mg once every other day. Treatment of familial Mediterranean fever – coadministration of colchicine in patients receiving STRIBILD: Maximum daily dose of 0.6 mg (may be given as 0.3 mg twice a day). |
| Antimycobacterial: rifampin | ↓ elvitegravir ↓ cobicistat | Coadministration with rifampin is contraindicated due to potential for loss of elvitegravir therapeutic effect and development of resistance. |
| rifabutin ‡ rifapentine | Coadministration of STRIBILD with rifabutin or rifapentine is not recommended. | |
| Antiplatelets: | ||
| ticagrelor clopidogrel | ↑ ticagrelor ↓ clopidogrel active metabolite | Coadministration with ticagrelor is not recommended. Coadministration with clopidogrel is not recommended due to potential reduction of the antiplatelet activity of clopidogrel. |
| Antipsychotics: | ||
| lurasidone | ↑ lurasidone | Coadministration with lurasidone is contraindicated due to potential for serious and/or life-threatening reactions. |
| pimozide | ↑ pimozide | Coadministration with pimozide is contraindicated due to potential for serious and/or life-threatening reactions such as cardiac arrhythmias. |
| quetiapine | ↑ quetiapine | Initiation of STRIBILD in patients taking quetiapine: Consider alternative antiretroviral therapy to avoid increases in quetiapine exposure. If coadministration is necessary, reduce the quetiapine dose to 1/6 of the current dose and monitor for quetiapine-associated adverse reactions. Refer to the quetiapine prescribing information for recommendations on adverse reaction monitoring. Initiation of quetiapine in patients taking STRIBILD: Refer to the quetiapine prescribing information for initial dosing and titration of quetiapine. |
| Other antipsychotics e.g., perphenazine risperidone thioridazine | ↑ antipsychotic | A decrease in the dose of antipsychotics that are metabolized by CYP3A4 or CYP2D6 may be needed when coadministered with STRIBILD. |
| Beta-Blockers: e.g., metoprolol timolol | ↑ beta-blockers | Clinical monitoring is recommended and a dose decrease of the beta-blocker may be necessary when these agents are coadministered with STRIBILD. |
| Calcium Channel Blockers: e.g., amlodipine diltiazem felodipine nicardipine nifedipine verapamil | ↑ calcium channel blockers | Clinical monitoring is recommended upon coadministration of calcium channel blockers with STRIBILD. |
| Corticosteroids: e.g., betamethasone budesonide ciclesonide dexamethasone fluticasone methylprednisolone mometasone triamcinolone | ↓ elvitegravir ↓ cobicistat ↑ corticosteroids | Coadministration with oral dexamethasone or other systemic corticosteroids that induce CYP3A may result in loss of therapeutic effect and development of resistance to elvitegravir. Consider alternative corticosteroids. Coadministration with corticosteroids (all routes of administration) whose exposures are significantly increased by strong CYP3A inhibitors can increase the risk for Cushing's syndrome and adrenal suppression. Alternative corticosteroids including beclomethasone, prednisone, and prednisolone (whose PK and/or PD are less affected by strong CYP3A inhibitors relative to other studied steroids) should be considered, particularly for long-term use. |
| Endothelin Receptor Antagonists: bosentan | ↑ bosentan | Coadministration of bosentan in patients on STRIBILD: In patients who have been receiving STRIBILD for at least 10 days, start bosentan at 62.5 mg once daily or every other day based upon individual tolerability. Coadministration of STRIBILD in patients on bosentan: Discontinue use of bosentan at least 36 hours prior to initiation of STRIBILD. After at least 10 days following the initiation of STRIBILD, resume bosentan at 62.5 mg once daily or every other day based upon individual tolerability. |
| Ergot Derivatives: dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methylergonovine | ↑ ergot derivatives | Coadministration is contraindicated due to potential for serious and/or life-threatening reactions such as acute ergot toxicity characterized by peripheral vasospasm and ischemia of the extremities and other tissues. |
| Hepatitis C Antiviral Agents: ledipasvir/sofosbuvir sofosbuvir/velpatasvir ‡ sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir | ↑ tenofovir | The safety of increased tenofovir concentrations in the setting of HARVONI® (ledipasvir/sofosbuvir) and STRIBILD has not been established. Coadministration is not recommended. Patients receiving STRIBILD concomitantly with EPCLUSA® (sofosbuvir/velpatasvir) or VOSEVI® (sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir) should be monitored for adverse reactions associated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. |
| Herbal Products: St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) | ↓ elvitegravir ↓ cobicistat | Coadministration is contraindicated due to potential for loss of elvitegravir therapeutic effect and development of resistance. |
| Hormonal Contraceptives: drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol levonorgestrel norgestimate/ethinyl estradiol ‡ | ↑ drospirenone ↑ levonorgestrel ↑ norgestimate ↓ ethinyl estradiol | Additional or alternative non-hormonal forms of contraception should be considered when estrogen based contraceptives are coadministered with STRIBILD. Plasma concentrations of drospirenone may be increased when coadministered with cobicistat- containing products. Clinical monitoring is recommended due to the potential for hyperkalemia. The effects of increases in the concentration of the progestational component norgestimate are not fully known and can include increased risk of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, acne, and venous thrombosis. The potential risks and benefits associated with coadministration of norgestimate/ethinyl estradiol with STRIBILD should be considered, particularly in women who have risk factors for these events. Coadministration of STRIBILD with other hormonal contraceptives (e.g., contraceptive patch, contraceptive vaginal ring, or injectable contraceptives) or oral contraceptives containing progestogens other than drospirenone, levonorgestrel, or norgestimate has not been studied; therefore, alternative (non-hormonal) methods of contraception can be considered. |
| Immuno-suppressants: e.g., cyclosporine sirolimus tacrolimus | ↑ immuno-suppressants | Therapeutic monitoring of the immunosuppressive agents is recommended upon coadministration with STRIBILD. |
| Lipid-modifying Agents: HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors: | ||
| lovastatin simvastatin | ↑ lovastatin ↑ simvastatin | Coadministration with lovastatin or simvastatin is contraindicated due to potential for serious reactions such as myopathy including rhabdomyolysis. |
| atorvastatin | ↑ atorvastatin | Initiate atorvastatin with the lowest starting dose of atorvastatin and titrate carefully while monitoring for safety (e.g., myopathy). Do not exceed a dosage of atorvastatin 20 mg daily. |
| Other Lipid-modifying Agents: lomitapide | ↑ lomitapide | Coadministration with lomitapide is contraindicated due to potential for markedly increased transaminases. |
| Narcotic Analgesics: buprenorphine/naloxone ‡ | ↑ buprenorphine ↑ norbuprenorphine ↓ naloxone | Patients should be closely monitored for sedation and cognitive effects. |
| fentanyl | ↑ fentanyl | Careful monitoring of therapeutic and adverse effects of fentanyl (including potentially fatal respiratory depression) is recommended with coadministration. |
| tramadol | ↑ tramadol | A dose decrease may be needed for tramadol with concomitant use. |
| Inhaled Beta Agonist: salmeterol | ↑ salmeterol | Coadministration of salmeterol and STRIBILD is not recommended because it may result in increased risk of cardiovascular adverse events associated with salmeterol, including QT prolongation, palpitations, and sinus tachycardia. |
| Medications or Oral Supplements Containing Polyvalent Cations (e.g., Mg, Al, Ca, Fe, Zn): calcium or iron supplements, including multivitamins cation-containing antacids ‡ or laxatives sucralfate buffered medications | ↓ elvitegravir | Separate STRIBILD and administration of medications, antacids, or oral supplements containing polyvalent cations by at least 2 hours. |
| Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) Inhibitors: sildenafil tadalafil vardenafil | ↑ PDE-5 inhibitors | Coadministration of sildenafil with STRIBILD is contraindicated when used for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), due to potential for PDE-5 inhibitor associated adverse reactions, including hypotension, syncope, visual disturbances, and priapism. Use of tadalafil for PAH:
The below PDE-5 inhibitors can be used along with increased monitoring for PDE-5-inhibitor associated adverse events:
|
| Sedative/hypnotics: | ||
| midazolam (oral), triazolam | ↑ midazolam ↑ triazolam | Coadministration with triazolam or orally administered midazolam is contraindicated due to potential for serious and/or life-threatening reactions such as prolonged or increased sedation or respiratory depression. Triazolam and orally administered midazolam are extensively metabolized by CYP3A. Coadministration of triazolam or orally administered midazolam with STRIBILD may cause large increases in the concentrations of these benzodiazepines. |
| Other benzodiazepines: e.g., parenterally administered midazolam clorazepate diazepam estazolam flurazepam buspirone zolpidem | ↑ sedatives/hypnotics | Coadministration of parenteral midazolam with STRIBILD should be done in a setting that ensures close clinical monitoring and appropriate medical management in case of respiratory depression and/or prolonged sedation. Dosage reduction for midazolam should be considered, especially if more than a single dose of midazolam is administered. With other sedative/hypnotics, dose reduction may be necessary and clinical monitoring is recommended. |
Drugs without Clinically Significant Interactions with STRIBILD
Based on drug interaction studies conducted with the components of STRIBILD, no clinically significant drug interactions have been observed or are expected when STRIBILD is combined with the following drugs: famciclovir, famotidine, methadone, omeprazole, prasugrel (active metabolite), and sertraline.
STRIBILD is a fixed-dose combination tablet containing elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and TDF for oral administration.
- Elvitegravir is an HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitor.
- Cobicistat is a mechanism-based inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes of the CYP3A family.
- Emtricitabine is a synthetic nucleoside analog of cytidine. EMTRIVA is the brand name for emtricitabine.
- Tenofovir DF is converted in vivo to tenofovir, an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (nucleotide) analog of adenosine 5'-monophosphate. VIREAD is the brand name for TDF.
Each tablet contains 150 mg of elvitegravir, 150 mg of cobicistat, 200 mg of emtricitabine, and 300 mg of TDF (equivalent to 245 mg of tenofovir disoproxil). The tablets include the following inactive ingredients: lactose monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose, silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate, and magnesium stearate. The tablets are film coated with a coating material containing indigo carmine (FD&C Blue #2) aluminum lake, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, talc, titanium dioxide, and yellow iron oxide.
Elvitegravir: The chemical name of elvitegravir is 6-(3-Chloro-2-fluorobenzyl)-1-[(2S)-1-hydroxy-3-methylbutan-2-yl]-7-methoxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid.
It has a molecular formula of C23H23ClFNO5 and a molecular weight of 447.9. It has the following structural formula:
Elvitegravir is a white to pale-yellow powder with a solubility of less than 0.3 micrograms per mL in water at 20 °C.
Cobicistat: The chemical name for cobicistat is 1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl [(2R,5R)-5-{[(2S)-2-[(methyl{[2-(propan-2-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl}carbamoyl)amino]-4-(morpholin-4-yl)butanoyl]amino}-1,6-diphenylhexan-2-yl]carbamate.
It has a molecular formula of C40H53N7O5S2 and a molecular weight of 776.0. It has the following structural formula:
Cobicistat is adsorbed onto silicon dioxide. Cobicistat on silicon dioxide is a white to pale-yellow solid with a solubility of 0.1 mg per mL in water at 20 °C.
Emtricitabine: The chemical name of emtricitabine is 5-fluoro-1-[(2R,5S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]cytosine. Emtricitabine is the (-)enantiomer of a thio analog of cytidine, which differs from other cytidine analogs in that it has a fluorine in the 5-position.
It has a molecular formula of C8H10FN3O3S and a molecular weight of 247.25. It has the following structural formula:
Emtricitabine is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a solubility of approximately 112 mg per mL in water at 25 °C.
Tenofovir DF: Tenofovir DF is a fumaric acid salt of the bis-isopropoxycarbonyloxymethyl ester derivative of tenofovir. The chemical name of TDF is 9-[(R)-2-[[bis[[(isopropoxycarbonyl)oxy]-methoxy]phosphinyl]methoxy]propyl]adenine fumarate (1:1). It has a molecular formula of C19H30N5O10P ∙ C4H4O4 and a molecular weight of 635.51. It has the following structural formula:
Tenofovir DF is a white to off-white crystalline powder with a solubility of 13.4 mg per mL in water at 25 °C. All dosages are expressed in terms of TDF except where otherwise noted.
Mechanism of Action
STRIBILD is a fixed-dose combination of antiretroviral drugs elvitegravir (boosted by the CYP3A inhibitor cobicistat), emtricitabine, and TDF [see Microbiology (12.4)].
Pharmacodynamics
Effects on Electrocardiogram
Thorough QT studies have been conducted for elvitegravir and cobicistat. The effect of the other two components, tenofovir and emtricitabine, or the combination regimen STRIBILD on the QT interval is not known.
Elvitegravir: In a thorough QT/QTc study in 126 healthy subjects, elvitegravir (coadministered with 100 mg ritonavir) 125 mg and 250 mg (0.83 and 1.67 times the dose in STRIBILD) did not affect the QT/QTc interval and did not prolong the PR interval.
Cobicistat: In a thorough QT/QTc study in 48 healthy subjects, a single dose of cobicistat 250 mg and 400 mg (1.67 and 2.67 times the dose in STRIBILD) did not affect the QT/QTc interval. Prolongation of the PR interval was noted in subjects receiving cobicistat. The maximum mean (95% upper confidence bound) difference in PR from placebo after baseline-correction was 9.5 (12.1) msec for the 250 mg cobicistat dose and 20.2 (22.8) for the 400 mg cobicistat dose. Because the 150 mg cobicistat dose used in the STRIBILD fixed-dose combination tablet is lower than the lowest dose studied in the thorough QT study, it is unlikely that treatment with STRIBILD will result in clinically relevant PR prolongation.
Effects on Serum Creatinine
The effect of cobicistat on serum creatinine was investigated in a Phase 1 study in subjects with an eGFR of at least 80 mL per minute (N=18) and with an eGFR of 50 to 79 mL per minute (N=12). A statistically significant change of eGFRCG from baseline was observed after 7 days of treatment with cobicistat 150 mg among subjects with an eGFR of at least 80 mL per minute (−9.9 ± 13.1 mL/min) and subjects with an eGFR of 50 to 79 mL per minute (−11.9 ± 7.0 mL per minute). These decreases in eGFRCG were reversible after cobicistat was discontinued. The actual glomerular filtration rate, as determined by the clearance of probe drug iohexol, was not altered from baseline following treatment of cobicistat among subjects with an eGFR of at least 50 mL per minute, indicating cobicistat inhibits tubular secretion of creatinine, reflected as a reduction in eGFRCG, without affecting the actual glomerular filtration rate.
Pharmacokinetics
The pharmacokinetic properties of the components of STRIBILD are provided in Table 6. The multiple dose pharmacokinetic parameters of elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir are provided in Table 7.
| Elvitegravir | Cobicistat | Emtricitabine | Tenofovir | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NC=Not Calculated | ||||
| ||||
| Absorption | ||||
| Tmax (h) | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Effect of light meal (relative to fasting) * | ↑34% (↑19, ↑51) | ↑3% (↓10, ↑17) | ↓5% (↓9, 0) | ↑24% (↑18, ↑30) |
| Effect of high fat meal (relative to fasting) * | ↑87% (↑66, ↑110) | ↓17% (↓27, ↓5) | ↓4% (↓8, 0) | ↑23% (↑17, ↑29) |
| Distribution | ||||
| % Bound to human plasma proteins | ~99 | ~98 | <4 | <0.7 |
| Source of protein binding data | Ex vivo | In vitro | In vitro | In vitro |
| Blood-to-plasma ratio | 0.73 | 0.5 | 0.6 | NC |
| Metabolism | ||||
| Metabolism | CYP3A (major) UGT1A1/3 (minor) | CYP3A (major) CYP2D6 (minor) | Not significantly metabolized | |
| Elimination | ||||
| Major route of elimination | Metabolism | Glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion | ||
| T1/2 (h) † | 12.9 | 3.5 | 10 | 12–18 |
| % Of dose excreted in urine ‡ | 6.7 | 8.2 | 70 | 70–80 |
| % Of dose excreted in feces ‡ | 94.8 | 86.2 | 13.7 | NC |
| Parameter Mean ± SD [range, min:max] | Elvitegravir * | Cobicistat † | Emtricitabine † | Tenofovir † |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SD=Standard Deviation | ||||
| ||||
| Cmax (microgram per mL) | 1.7 ± 0.4 [0.4:3.7] | 1.1 ± 0.4 [0.1:2.1] | 1.9 ± 0.5 [0.6:3.6] | 0.45 ± 0.2 [0.2:1.2] |
| AUCtau (microgram∙hour per mL) | 23.0 ± 7.5 [4.4:69.8] | 8.3 ± 3.8 [0.5:18.3] | 12.7 ± 4.5 [5.2:34.1] | 4.4 ± 2.2 [2.1:18.2] |
| Ctrough (microgram per mL) | 0.45 ± 0.26 [0.05:2.34] | 0.05 ± 0.13 [0.01:0.92] | 0.14 ± 0.25 [0.04:1.94] | 0.10 ± 0.08 [0.04:0.58] |
Specific Populations
Geriatric Patients
The pharmacokinetics of elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir have not been fully evaluated in elderly (65 years of age and older) patients [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5)].
Pediatric Patients
Exposures (AUC) of elvitegravir and tenofovir in 14 pediatric subjects aged 12 to less than 18 years who received STRIBILD in Study 112 were increased by 30% and 37%, respectively, compared with exposures achieved in adults following administration of STRIBILD, but were deemed acceptable based on the overall safety profile of these agents and exposure-safety assessments. The other components of STRIBILD had similar exposures in adolescents compared with adults [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)].
Emtricitabine has been studied in pediatric subjects from 3 months to 17 years of age. TDF has been studied in pediatric subjects from 2 years to less than 18 years of age. The pharmacokinetics of elvitegravir or cobicistat in pediatric subjects less than 12 years of age have not been established [see Use in Specific Populations (8.4)].
Race, Gender
No clinically significant differences in pharmacokinetics of STRIBILD have been identified based on race or gender.
Patients with Renal Impairment
Elvitegravir and Cobicistat: A study of the pharmacokinetics of cobicistat+elvitegravir was performed in healthy subjects and subjects with severe renal impairment (estimated creatinine clearance less than 30 mL per minute). No clinically relevant differences in elvitegravir or cobicistat pharmacokinetics were observed between healthy subjects and subjects with severe renal impairment.
Emtricitabine and TDF: The pharmacokinetics of emtricitabine and tenofovir are altered in subjects with estimated creatinine clearance below 50 mL per minute or with end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis (ESRD) (Table 8) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].
| Parameter Mean ± SD | Creatinine Clearance (mL/min) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| >80 | 50–80 | 30–49 | <30 | ESRD ‡ | |
| SD=Standard Deviation | |||||
| |||||
| Emtricitabine | N=6 | N=6 | N=6 | N=5 | N=5 |
| AUCinf (microgram∙hr per mL) | 11.8 ± 2.9 | 19.9 ± 1.2 | 25.1 ± 5.7 | 33.7± 2.1 | 53.2 ± 9.9 |
| Cmax (microgram per mL) | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 3.8 ± 0.9 | 3.2 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 0.7 | 2.8 ± 0.5 |
| Tenofovir | N=3 | N=10 | N=8 | N=11 | N=9 |
| AUCinf (microgram∙hr per mL) | 2.18 ± 0.26 | 3.06 ± 0.93 | 6.01 ± 2.50 | 15.98 ± 7.22 | 44.90 ± 12.96 |
| Cmax (microgram per mL) | 0.34 ± 0.03 | 0.33 ± 0.06 | 0.37 ± 0.16 | 0.60 ± 0.19 | 1.06 ± 0.25 |
Patients with Hepatic Impairment
Elvitegravir and Cobicistat: A study of the pharmacokinetics of cobicistat+elvitegravir was performed in healthy subjects and subjects with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class B). No clinically relevant differences in elvitegravir or cobicistat pharmacokinetics were observed between subjects with moderate hepatic impairment and healthy subjects. The effect of severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C) on the pharmacokinetics of elvitegravir or cobicistat has not been studied [see Use in Specific Populations (8.7)].
Emtricitabine: The pharmacokinetics of emtricitabine have not been studied in subjects with hepatic impairment; however, emtricitabine is not significantly metabolized by liver enzymes, so the impact of liver impairment should be limited.
Tenofovir DF: The pharmacokinetics of tenofovir following a 300 mg dose of VIREAD have been studied in healthy subjects with moderate to severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C). No clinically relevant differences in tenofovir pharmacokinetics were observed between subjects with hepatic impairment and healthy subjects.
Hepatitis B and/or Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection
Elvitegravir: Limited data from population pharmacokinetic analysis (N=24) indicated that hepatitis B and/or C virus infection had no clinically relevant effect on the exposure of cobicistat-boosted elvitegravir.
Cobicistat: There were insufficient pharmacokinetic data in the clinical trials to determine the effect of hepatitis B and/or C virus infection on the pharmacokinetics of cobicistat.
Emtricitabine and TDF: The pharmacokinetics of emtricitabine and TDF have not been fully evaluated in subjects coinfected with hepatitis B and/or C virus.
Assessment of Drug Interactions
[see Contraindications (4) and Drug Interactions (7)]
The drug-drug interaction studies described were conducted with STRIBILD, elvitegravir (coadministered with cobicistat or RTV), or cobicistat administered alone.
As STRIBILD is indicated for use as a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV-1 infection and should not be administered with other antiretroviral medications, information regarding drug-drug interactions with other antiretroviral agents is not provided.
The effects of coadministered drugs on the exposure of elvitegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir are shown in Table 9, Table 10, and Table 11 respectively. The effects of elvitegravir plus cobicistat, or cobicistat, or emtricitabine on the exposure of coadministered drugs are shown in Table 12. For information regarding clinical recommendations, [see Drug Interactions (7)].
| Coadministered Drug | Dose of Coadministered Drug | Elvitegravir Dose (mg) | Cobicistat or RTV Booster Dose (mg) | N | Mean Ratio of Elvitegravir Pharmacokinetic Parameters (90% CI); No Effect=1.00 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cmax | AUC | Cmin | |||||
| |||||||
| Maximum strength antacid † | 20 mL single dose given 4 hours before elvitegravir | 50 single dose | RTV 100 single dose | 8 | 0.95 (0.84, 1.07) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.04) | 1.04 (0.93, 1.17) |
| 20 mL single dose given 4 hours after elvitegravir | 10 | 0.98 (0.88, 1.10) | 0.98 (0.91, 1.06) | 1.00 (0.90, 1.11) | |||
| 20 mL single dose given 2 hours before elvitegravir | 11 | 0.82 (0.74, 0.91) | 0.85 (0.79, 0.91) | 0.90 (0.82, 0.99) | |||
| 20 mL single dose given 2 hours after elvitegravir | 10 | 0.79 (0.71, 0.88) | 0.80 (0.75, 0.86) | 0.80 (0.73, 0.89) | |||
| Atorvastatin | 10 mg single dose | 150 once daily ‡ | Cobicistat 150 once daily ‡ | 16 | 0.91 (0.85, 0.98) | 0.92 (0.87, 0.98) | 0.88 (0.81, 0.96) |
| Carbamazepine | 200 mg twice daily | 150 once daily | Cobicistat 150 once daily | 12 | 0.55 (0.49, 0.61) | 0.31 (0.28, 0.33) | 0.03 (0.02, 0.04) |
| Famotidine | 40 mg once daily given 12 hours after elvitegravir | 150 once daily | Cobicistat 150 once daily | 10 | 1.02 (0.89, 1.17) | 1.03 (0.95, 1.13) | 1.18 (1.05, 1.32) |
| 40 mg once daily given simultaneously with elvitegravir | 16 | 1.00 (0.92, 1.10) | 1.03 (0.98, 1.08) | 1.07 (0.98, 1.17) | |||
| Ketoconazole | 200 mg twice daily | 150 once daily | RTV 100 once daily | 18 | 1.17 (1.04, 1.33) | 1.48 (1.36, 1.62) | 1.67 (1.48, 1.88) |
| Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir | 90/400 mg once daily | 150 once daily | Cobicistat 150 once daily § | 29 | 0.88 (0.82, 0.95) | 1.02 (0.95, 1.09) | 1.36 (1.23, 1.49) |
| Omeprazole | 40 mg once daily given 2 hours before elvitegravir | 50 once daily | RTV 100 once daily | 9 | 0.93 (0.83, 1.04) | 0.99 (0.91, 1.07) | 0.94 (0.85, 1.04) |
| 20 mg once daily given 2 hours before elvitegravir | 150 once daily | Cobicistat 150 once daily | 11 | 1.16 (1.04, 1.30) | 1.10 (1.02, 1.19) | 1.13 (0.96, 1.34) | |
| 20 mg once daily given 12 hours after elvitegravir | 11 | 1.03 (0.92, 1.15) | 1.05 (0.93, 1.18) | 1.10 (0.92, 1.32) | |||
| Rifabutin | 150 mg once every other day | 150 once daily | Cobicistat 150 once daily | 12 | 0.91 (0.84, 0.99) | 0.79 (0.74, 0.85) | 0.33 (0.27, 0.40) |
| Rosuvastatin | 10 mg single dose | 150 once daily | Cobicistat 150 once daily | 10 | 0.94 (0.83, 1.07) | 1.02 (0.91, 1.14) | 0.98 (0.83, 1.16) |
| Sertraline | 50 mg single dose | 150 once daily ‡ | Cobicistat 150 once daily ‡ | 19 | 0.88 (0.82, 0.93) | 0.94 (0.89, 0.98) | 0.99 (0.93, 1.05) |
| Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir | 400/100 mg once daily | 150 once daily ¶ | Cobicistat 150 once daily ¶, # | 24 | 0.93 (0.86, 1.00) | 0.93 (0.87, 0.99) | 0.97 (0.91, 1.04) |
| Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir Voxilaprevir | 400/100/100 + 100 Voxilaprevir once daily Þ | 150 once daily ‡ | Cobicistat 150 once daily ‡ | 29 | 0.79 (0.75, 0.85) | 0.94 (0.88, 1.00) | 1.32 (1.17, 1.49) |
| Coadministered Drug | Dose of Coadministered Drug (mg) | Emtricitabine Dose (mg) | N | Mean Ratio of Emtricitabine Pharmacokinetic Parameters (90%CI); No Effect=1.00 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cmax | AUC | Cmin | ||||
| NC=Not calculated | ||||||
| ||||||
| Famciclovir | 500 single dose | 200 single dose | 12 | 0.90 (0.80, 1.01) | 0.93 (0.87, 0.99) | NC |
| Coadministered Drug | Dose of Coadministered Drug (mg) | TDF Dose (mg) | N | Mean Ratio of Tenofovir Pharmacokinetic Parameters (90%CI); No Effect=1.00 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cmax | AUC | Cmin | ||||
| ||||||
| Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir | 400/100 once daily | 300 once daily † | 24 | 1.36 (1.25, 1.47) | 1.35 (1.29, 1.42) | 1.45 (1.39, 1.51) |
| Coadministered Drug | Dose of Coadministered Drug (mg) | Elvitegravir Dose † (mg) | Cobicistat Booster Dose (mg) | FTC Dose (mg) | N | Mean Ratio of Coadministered Drug Pharmacokinetic Parameters ‡ (90% CI); No Effect=1.00 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cmax | AUC | Cmin | ||||||
| FTC=emtricitabine | ||||||||
| ||||||||
| Atorvastatin | 10 single dose | 150 once daily § | 150 once daily § | 200 once daily § | 16 | 2.32 (1.91, 2.82) | 2.60 (2.31, 2.93) | NC |
| Buprenorphine | 16–24 once daily | 150 once daily | 150 once daily | NA | 17 | 1.12 (0.98, 1.27) | 1.35 (1.18, 1.55) | 1.66 (1.43, 1.93) |
| Norbuprenorphine | 1.24 (1.03, 1.49) | 1.42 (1.22, 1.67) | 1.57 (1.31, 1.88) | |||||
| Carbamazepine | 200 twice daily | 150 once daily | 150 once daily | NA | 12 | 1.40 (1.32, 1.49) | 1.43 (1.36, 1.52) | 1.51 (1.41, 1.62) |
| Carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide | 0.73 (0.70, 0.78) | 0.65 (0.63, 0.66) | 0.59 (0.57, 0.61) | |||||
| Desipramine | 50 single dose | NA | 150 once daily | NA | 8 | 1.24 (1.08, 1.44) | 1.65 (1.36, 2.02) | NC |
| Digoxin | 0.5 single dose | NA | 150 once daily | NA | 22 | 1.41 (1.29, 1.55) | 1.08 (1.00, 1.17) | NC |
| Famciclovir | 500 single dose | NA | NA | 200 single dose | 12 | 0.93 (0.78, 1.11) | 0.91 (0.84, 0.99) | NC |
| Ledipasvir | 90/400 once daily | 150 once daily | 150 once daily | NA | 29 | 1.63 (1.51, 1.75) | 1.78 (1.64, 1.94) | 1.91 (1.76, 2.08) |
| Sofosbuvir | 1.33 (1.14, 1.56) | 1.36 (1.21, 1.52) | NA | |||||
| GS-331007 ¶ | 1.33 (1.22, 1.44) | 1.44 (1.41, 1.48) | 1.53 (1.47, 1.59) | |||||
| Naloxone | 4–6 once daily | 150 once daily | 150 once daily | NA | 17 | 0.72 (0.61, 0.85) | 0.72 (0.59, 0.87) | NA |
| Norgestimate/ ethinyl estradiol | 0.180/0.215/ 0.250 norgestimate once daily | 150 once daily # | 150 once daily # | 200 once daily # | 13 | 2.08 (2.00, 2.17) | 2.26 (2.15, 2.37) | 2.67 (2.43, 2.92) |
| 0.025 ethinyl estradiol once daily | 0.94 (0.86, 1.04) | 0.75 (0.69, 0.81) | 0.56 (0.52, 0.61) | |||||
| R-Methadone | 80–120 daily | 150 once daily | 150 once daily | NA | 11 | 1.01 (0.91, 1.13) | 1.07 (0.96, 1.19) | 1.10 (0.95, 1.28) |
| S-Methadone | 0.96 (0.87, 1.06) | 1.00 (0.89, 1.12) | 1.02 (0.89, 1.17) | |||||
| Sofosbuvir | 400/100 once daily | 150 once daily # | 150 once daily # | 200 once daily # | 24 | 1.01 (0.85, 1.19) | 1.24 (1.13, 1.37) | NA |
| GS-331007 ¶ | 1.13 (1.07, 1.18) | 1.35 (1.30, 1.40) | 1.45 (1.38, 1.52) | |||||
| Velpatasvir | 1.05 (0.93, 1.19) | 1.19 (1.07, 1.34) | 1.37 (1.22, 1.54) | |||||
| Sofosbuvir | 400/100/100 + 100 Voxilaprevir Þ once daily | 150 once daily § | 150 once daily § | 200 once daily § | 29 | 1.27 (1.09, 1.48) | 1.22 (1.12, 1.32) | NC |
| GS-331007 ¶ | 1.28 (1.25, 1.32) | 1.43 (1.39, 1.47) | NC | |||||
| Velpatasvir | 0.96 (0.89, 1.04) | 1.16 (1.06, 1.27) | 1.46 (1.30, 1.64) | |||||
| Voxilaprevir | 1.92 (1.63, 2.26) | 2.71 (2.30, 3.19) | 4.50 (3.68, 5.50) | |||||
| Rifabutin | 150 once every other day | 150 once daily | 150 once daily | NA | 12 | 1.09 (0.98, 1.20) ß | 0.92 (0.83, 1.03) ß | 0.94 (0.85, 1.04) ß |
| 25-O-desacetyl-rifabutin | 12 | 4.84 (4.09, 5.74) ß | 6.25 (5.08, 7.69) ß | 4.94 (4.04, 6.04) ß | ||||
| Rosuvastatin | 10 single dose | 150 once daily | 150 single dose | NA | 10 | 1.89 (1.48, 2.42) | 1.38 (1.14, 1.67) | NC |
| Sertraline | 50 single dose | 150 once daily § | 150 once daily § | 200 once daily § | 19 | 1.14 (0.94, 1.38) | 0.93 (0.77, 1.13) | NA |
Microbiology
Mechanism of Action
Elvitegravir: Elvitegravir inhibits the strand transfer activity of HIV-1 integrase (integrase strand transfer inhibitor; INSTI), an HIV-1 encoded enzyme that is required for viral replication. Inhibition of integrase prevents the integration of HIV-1 DNA into host genomic DNA, blocking the formation of the HIV-1 provirus and propagation of the viral infection. Elvitegravir does not inhibit human topoisomerases I or II.
Cobicistat: Cobicistat is a selective, mechanism-based inhibitor of cytochromes P450 of the CYP3A subfamily. Inhibition of CYP3A-mediated metabolism by cobicistat enhances the systemic exposure of CYP3A substrates, such as elvitegravir, where bioavailability is limited and half-life is shortened by CYP3A-dependent metabolism.
Emtricitabine: Emtricitabine, a synthetic nucleoside analog of cytidine, is phosphorylated by cellular enzymes to form emtricitabine 5'-triphosphate. Emtricitabine 5'-triphosphate inhibits the activity of the HIV-1 RT by competing with the natural substrate deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate and by being incorporated into nascent viral DNA, which results in chain termination. Emtricitabine 5'-triphosphate is a weak inhibitor of mammalian DNA polymerases α, β, ε, and mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ.
Tenofovir DF: Tenofovir DF is an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate diester analog of adenosine monophosphate. Tenofovir DF requires initial diester hydrolysis for conversion to tenofovir and subsequent phosphorylations by cellular enzymes to form tenofovir diphosphate. Tenofovir diphosphate inhibits the activity of HIV-1 RT by competing with the natural substrate deoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate and, after incorporation into DNA, by DNA chain termination. Tenofovir diphosphate is a weak inhibitor of mammalian DNA polymerases α, β, and mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ.
Antiviral Activity in Cell Culture
Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, and TDF: The triple combination of elvitegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir was not antagonistic in cell culture combination antiviral activity assays and was not affected by the addition of cobicistat.
Elvitegravir: The antiviral activity of elvitegravir against laboratory and clinical isolates of HIV-1 was assessed in T lymphoblastoid cell lines, monocyte/macrophage cells, and primary peripheral blood lymphocytes. The 50% effective concentrations (EC50) ranged from 0.02 to 1.7 nM. Elvitegravir displayed antiviral activity in cell culture against HIV-1 clades A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and O (EC50 values ranged from 0.1 to 1.3 nM) and activity against HIV-2 (EC50 value of 0.53 nM). Elvitegravir did not show inhibition of replication of HBV or HCV in cell culture.
Cobicistat: Cobicistat has no detectable antiviral activity in cell culture against HIV-1, HBV, or HCV and does not antagonize the antiviral activity of elvitegravir, emtricitabine, or tenofovir.
Emtricitabine: The antiviral activity of emtricitabine against laboratory and clinical isolates of HIV-1 was assessed in T lymphoblastoid cell lines, the MAGI-CCR5 cell line, and primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The EC50 values for emtricitabine were in the range of 0.0013–0.64 micromolar. Emtricitabine displayed antiviral activity in cell culture against HIV-1 clades A, B, C, D, E, F, and G (EC50 values ranged from 0.007–0.075 micromolar) and showed strain-specific activity against HIV-2 (EC50 values ranged from 0.007–1.5 micromolar).
Tenofovir DF: The antiviral activity of tenofovir against laboratory and clinical isolates of HIV-1 was assessed in T lymphoblastoid cell lines, primary monocyte/macrophage cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes. The EC50 values for tenofovir were in the range of 0.04–8.5 micromolar. Tenofovir displayed antiviral activity in cell culture against HIV-1 clades A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and O (EC50 values ranged from 0.5–2.2 micromolar) and showed strain-specific activity against HIV-2 (EC50 values ranged from 1.6–5.5 micromolar).
Resistance
In Cell Culture
Elvitegravir: HIV-1 isolates with reduced susceptibility to elvitegravir have been selected in cell culture. Reduced susceptibility to elvitegravir was associated with the primary integrase substitutions T66A/I, E92G/Q, S147G, and Q148R. Additional integrase substitutions observed in cell-culture selection included D10E, S17N, H51Y, F121Y, S153F/Y, E157Q, D232N, R263K, and V281M.
Emtricitabine and TDF: HIV-1 isolates with reduced susceptibility to emtricitabine or tenofovir have been selected in cell culture. Reduced susceptibility to emtricitabine was associated with M184V/I substitutions in HIV-1 RT. HIV-1 isolates selected by tenofovir expressed a K65R substitution in HIV-1 RT and showed a 2–4 fold reduction in susceptibility to tenofovir.
In Clinical Studies
Elvitegravir: Development of substitutions T66A/I/K, E92G/Q, T97A, S147G, Q148H/K/R, and N155H in the HIV-1 integrase protein was primarily associated with resistance to elvitegravir. In addition to these primary elvitegravir resistance-associated substitutions, E92A, F121C/Y, P145S, Q146I/L/R, and N155S were also occasionally observed and were shown to confer reduced susceptibility to elvitegravir. In virus isolates harboring the observed primary elvitegravir resistance-associated substitutions, additional substitutions in integrase were detected including H51Y, L68I/V, G70R, V72A/N, I73V, Q95K/R, S119R, E138A/K, G140A/C/S, E157Q, K160N, E170A, S230R, and D232N.
Emtricitabine and TDF: HIV-1 isolates with reduced susceptibility to emtricitabine or tenofovir have been selected in subjects experiencing virologic failure in clinical trials. Genotypic analysis of these isolates identified the M184V/I and K65R amino acid substitutions in the viral RT, respectively.
Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, and TDF: In clinical trials of HIV-1-infected subjects with no antiretroviral treatment history, Studies 102 and 103 [see Clinical Studies (14)], by Week 144, the development of one or more primary substitutions associated with resistance to elvitegravir, emtricitabine, and/or tenofovir was observed in viruses from 51% (18/35) of the STRIBILD-treatment failure subjects with evaluable genotypic resistance data who received at least 8 weeks of STRIBILD and had HIV-1 RNA greater than or equal to 400 copies per mL at confirmed virologic failure, the end of each study year, or the time of early study drug discontinuation. The most common substitutions that emerged were M184V/I (N=17) in HIV-1 RT and the primary elvitegravir resistance-associated substitutions, E92Q (N=9), N155H (N=5), Q148R (N=3), T66I (N=2), and T97A (N=1) in integrase; K65R in RT was also detected (N=5). In virus isolates harboring the observed primary elvitegravir resistance substitutions, additional substitutions in integrase were detected including H51Y, L68I/V, G70R, I73V, G140C, S153A, E157Q, and G163R. The virus in all subjects with evaluable data for RT and IN and whose virus developed integrase substitutions associated with elvitegravir resistance (N=14) also developed the M184I/V RT substitutions, and had reduced susceptibility to both elvitegravir and emtricitabine. In phenotypic analyses, HIV-1 isolates expressing M184V/I RT substitutions showed reduced susceptibility to emtricitabine (42- to greater than 152-fold); those expressing the primary elvitegravir resistance-associated integrase substitutions showed reduced susceptibility to elvitegravir (4- to greater than 198-fold); and those expressing the K65R RT substitution showed reduced susceptibility to tenofovir (0.8- to 1.6-fold), compared to wild-type reference HIV-1.
There was an insufficient number of virologic failures with evaluable data (N=1) in clinical trials of virologically suppressed HIV-1-infected subjects with no history of virologic failure, studies 115 and 121, [see Clinical Studies (14)] to draw conclusions about the development of resistance.
Cross-Resistance
STRIBILD-treatment failure subject isolates exhibited varying degrees of cross-resistance within the INSTI and NRTI drug classes depending on the specific substitutions observed. These isolates remained susceptible to all NNRTIs and protease inhibitors.
Elvitegravir: Cross-resistance has been observed among INSTIs. Elvitegravir-resistant viruses showed varying degrees of cross-resistance in cell culture to raltegravir depending on the type and number of substitutions in HIV-1 integrase. Of the primary elvitegravir resistance-associated substitutions tested (T66A/I/K, E92G/Q, T97A, S147G, Q148H/K/R, and N155H), all but three (T66I, E92G, and S147G) conferred greater than 1.5-fold reduced susceptibility to raltegravir (above the biological cutoff for raltegravir) when introduced individually into a wild-type virus by site-directed mutagenesis. Of the primary raltegravir resistance-associated substitutions (Y143C/H/R, Q148H/K/R, and N155H), all but Y143C/H conferred greater than 2.5-fold reductions in susceptibility to elvitegravir (above the biological cutoff for elvitegravir).
Emtricitabine: Cross-resistance has been observed among NRTIs. Emtricitabine-resistant isolates harboring an M184V/I substitution in HIV-1 RT were cross-resistant to lamivudine. HIV-1 isolates containing the K65R RT substitution, selected in vivo by abacavir, didanosine, and tenofovir, demonstrated reduced susceptibility to inhibition by emtricitabine.
Tenofovir DF: Cross-resistance has been observed among NRTIs. The K65R substitution in HIV-1 RT selected by tenofovir is also selected in some HIV-1-infected patients treated with abacavir or didanosine. HIV-1 isolates with the K65R substitution also showed reduced susceptibility to emtricitabine and lamivudine. Therefore, cross-resistance among these NRTIs may occur in patients whose virus harbors the K65R substitution. The K70E substitution selected clinically by TDF results in reduced susceptibility to abacavir, didanosine, emtricitabine, lamivudine, and tenofovir. HIV-1 isolates from patients (N=20) whose HIV-1 expressed a mean of 3 zidovudine-associated RT amino acid substitutions (M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, or K219Q/E/N) showed a 3.1-fold decrease in the susceptibility to tenofovir. Subjects whose virus expressed an L74V RT substitution without zidovudine resistance-associated substitutions (N=8) had reduced response to TDF. Limited data are available for patients whose virus expressed a Y115F substitution (N=3), Q151M substitution (N=2), or T69 insertion (N=4) in HIV-1 RT, all of whom had a reduced response in clinical trials.
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
Elvitegravir: Long-term carcinogenicity studies of elvitegravir were carried out in mice (104 weeks) and in rats for up to 88 weeks (males) and 90 weeks (females). No drug-related increases in tumor incidence were found in mice at doses up to 2000 mg per kg per day alone or in combination with 25 mg per kg per day RTV at exposures 3- and 14-fold, respectively, the human systemic exposure at the recommended daily dose of 150 mg. No drug-related increases in tumor incidence were found in rats at doses up to 2000 mg per kg per day at exposures 12- to 27-fold, respectively in male and female, the human systemic exposure.
Elvitegravir was not genotoxic in the reverse mutation bacterial test (Ames test) and the rat micronucleus assay. In an in vitro chromosomal aberration test, elvitegravir was negative with metabolic activation; however, an equivocal response was observed without activation.
Elvitegravir did not affect fertility in male and female rats at approximately 16- and 30-fold higher exposures (AUC), respectively, than in humans at the therapeutic 150 mg daily dose.
Fertility was normal in the offspring of rats exposed daily from before birth (in utero) through sexual maturity at daily exposures (AUC) of approximately 18-fold higher than human exposures at the recommended 150 mg daily dose.
Cobicistat: In a long-term carcinogenicity study in mice, no drug-related increases in tumor incidence were observed at doses up to 50 and 100 mg/kg/day (males and females, respectively). Cobicistat exposures at these doses were approximately 7 (male) and 16 (females) times, respectively, the human systemic exposure at the therapeutic daily dose. In a long-term carcinogenicity study of cobicistat in rats, an increased incidence of follicular cell adenomas and/or carcinomas in the thyroid gland was observed at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg/day in males, and at 30 mg/kg/day in females. The follicular cell findings are considered to be rat-specific, secondary to hepatic microsomal enzyme induction and thyroid hormone imbalance, and are not relevant for humans. At the highest doses tested in the rat carcinogenicity study, systemic exposures were approximately 2 times the human systemic exposure at the therapeutic daily dose.
Cobicistat was not genotoxic in the reverse mutation bacterial test (Ames test), or the mouse lymphoma or rat micronucleus assays.
Cobicistat did not affect fertility in male or female rats at daily exposures (AUC) approximately 4-fold higher than human exposures at the recommended 150 mg daily dose.
Fertility was normal in the offspring of rats exposed daily from before birth (in utero) through sexual maturity at daily exposures (AUC) of approximately 1.2-fold higher than human exposures at the recommended 150 mg daily dose.
Emtricitabine: In long-term carcinogenicity studies of emtricitabine, no drug-related increases in tumor incidence were found in mice at doses up to 750 mg per kg per day (23 times the human systemic exposure at the therapeutic dose of 200 mg per day) or in rats at doses up to 600 mg per kg per day (28 times the human systemic exposure at the therapeutic dose).
Emtricitabine was not genotoxic in the reverse mutation bacterial test (Ames test), or the mouse lymphoma or mouse micronucleus assays.
Emtricitabine did not affect fertility in male rats at approximately 140-fold or in male and female mice at approximately 60-fold higher exposures (AUC) than in humans given the recommended 200 mg daily dose. Fertility was normal in the offspring of mice exposed daily from before birth (in utero) through sexual maturity at daily exposures (AUC) of approximately 60-fold higher than human exposures at the recommended 200 mg daily dose.
Tenofovir DF: Long-term oral carcinogenicity studies of TDF in mice and rats were carried out at exposures up to approximately 10 times (mice) and 4 times (rats) those observed in humans at the therapeutic dose for HIV-1 infection. At the high dose in female mice, liver adenomas were increased at exposures 10 times of that in humans. In rats, the study was negative for carcinogenic findings at exposures up to 4 times that observed in humans at the therapeutic dose.
Tenofovir DF was mutagenic in the in vitro mouse lymphoma assay and negative in an in vitro bacterial mutagenicity test (Ames test). In an in vivo mouse micronucleus assay, TDF was negative when administered to male mice.
There were no effects on fertility, mating performance or early embryonic development when TDF was administered to male rats at a dose equivalent to 10 times the human dose based on body-surface-area comparisons for 28 days prior to mating and to female rats for 15 days prior to mating through day seven of gestation. There was, however, an alteration of the estrous cycle in female rats.
Description of Clinical Trials
The efficacy and safety of STRIBILD were evaluated in the studies summarized in Table 13.
| Trial | Population | Study Arms (N) * | Timepoint (Week) |
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
| Study 102 †, ‡ | Adults with no antiretroviral treatment history | STRIBILD (348) ATRIPLA (352) | 144 |
| Study 103 †, ‡ | STRIBILD (353) TRUVADA+atazanavir+ritonavir (355) | ||
| Study 115 ‡, § | Virologically suppressed adults without a history of virologic failure ¶ | STRIBILD (293) TRUVADA+PI+ritonavir (140) | 48 |
| Study 121 ‡, § | STRIBILD (291) TRUVADA+NNRTI (143) | ||
| Study 112 # | Treatment-naïve adolescents between the ages of 12 to less than 18 years | STRIBILD (50) | 48 |
Clinical Trial Results in HIV-1 Infected Adult Subjects with No Antiretroviral Treatment History
In Study 102, subjects were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either STRIBILD (N=348) once daily or ATRIPLA (N=352) once daily. The mean age was 38 years (range 18–67), 89% were male, 63% were White, 28% were Black, and 2% were Asian. Twenty-four percent of subjects identified as Hispanic/Latino. The mean baseline plasma HIV-1 RNA was 4.8 log10 copies per mL (range 2.6–6.5). The mean baseline CD4+ cell count was 386 cells per mm3 (range 3–1348), and 13% had CD4+ cell counts less than 200 cells per mm3. Thirty-three percent of subjects had baseline viral loads greater than 100,000 copies per mL.
In Study 103, subjects were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either STRIBILD (N=353) once daily or ATV 300 mg + RTV 100 mg + TRUVADA (N=355) once daily. The mean age was 38 years (range 19–72), 90% were male, 74% were White, 17% were Black, and 5% were Asian. Sixteen percent of subjects identified as Hispanic/Latino. The mean baseline plasma HIV-1 RNA was 4.8 log10 copies per mL (range 1.7–6.6). The mean baseline CD4+ cell count was 370 cells per mm3 (range 5–1132), and 13% had CD4+ cell count less than 200 cells per mm3. Forty-one percent of subjects had baseline viral loads greater than 100,000 copies per mL.
In both studies, subjects were stratified by baseline HIV-1 RNA (less than or equal to 100,000 copies per mL or greater than 100,000 copies per mL).
Treatment outcomes of Study 102 and Study 103 through 144 weeks are presented in Table 14.
| Study 102 | Study 103 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| STRIBILD N=348 | ATRIPLA N=352 | STRIBILD N=353 | ATV+RTV+TRUVADA N=355 | |
| ||||
| Virologic Success HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL | 80% | 75% | 78% | 75% |
| Treatment Difference | 4.9% (95% CI = −1.3%, 11.1%) | 3.1% (95% CI = −3.2%, 9.4%) | ||
| Virologic Failure † | 7% | 10% | 8% | 7% |
| No Virologic Data in Week 144 Window | ||||
| Discontinued Study Drug Due to AE or Death ‡ | 6% | 8% | 6% | 8% |
| Discontinued Study Drug Due to Other Reasons and Last Available HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL § | 5% | 7% | 8% | 9% |
| Missing Data During Window but on Study Drug | 1% | 0% | 1% | 1% |
In Study 102, the mean increase from baseline in CD4+ cell count at Week 144 was 298 cells per mm3 in the STRIBILD-treated subjects and 272 cells per mm3 in the ATRIPLA -treated subjects. In Study 103, the mean increase from baseline in CD4+ cell count at Week 144 was 261 cells per mm3 in the STRIBILD-treated subjects and 269 cells per mm3 in the ATV+RTV+TRUVADA-treated subjects.
Clinical Trial Results in Virologically Suppressed HIV-1 Infected Adult Subjects with No History of Virologic Failure
In Study 115, subjects had to be on either their first or second antiretroviral regimen with no history of virologic failure, with no current or past history of resistance to the antiretroviral components of STRIBILD, and must have been suppressed (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL) on a ritonavir-boosted PI in combination with TRUVADA for at least 6 months prior to screening. Subjects were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to either switch to STRIBILD (STRIBILD arm, N=293; randomized and dosed) or stay on their baseline antiretroviral regimen for 48 weeks (PI+RTV+TRUVADA arm, N=140; randomized and dosed). Subjects had a mean age of 41 years (range 21–76), 86% were male, 80% were White, and 15% were Black. The mean baseline CD4+ cell count was 610 cells per mm3 (range 74–1919). At screening subjects were receiving atazanavir (40%), darunavir (40%), lopinavir (17%), fosamprenavir (3%), or saquinavir (<1%) as the PI in their regimen.
In Study 121, subjects had to be on either their first or second antiretroviral regimen with no history of virologic failure, with no current or past history of resistance to the antiretroviral components of STRIBILD, and must have been suppressed (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL) on a NNRTI in combination with TRUVADA for at least 6 months prior to screening. Subjects were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to either switch to STRIBILD (STRIBILD arm, N=291; randomized and dosed) or stay on their baseline antiretroviral regimen for 48 weeks (NNRTI+TRUVADA arm, N=143; randomized and dosed). Subjects had a mean age of 41 years (range 20–72); 93% were male, 78% were White, and 17% were Black. The mean baseline CD4+ cell count was 588 cells per mm3 (range 100–1614). Randomization was stratified by use of efavirenz in the baseline regimen. At screening subjects were receiving efavirenz (78%) (predominantly as ATRIPLA [74%]), nevirapine (17%), rilpivirine (4%) (as COMPLERA® [4%]), or etravirine (1%) as the NNRTI in their regimen.
Virologic outcomes of Study 115 and Study 121 are presented in Table 15. Five treated subjects were excluded from the efficacy analysis: in Study 115, three STRIBILD subjects had protocol-prohibited documented resistance and one PI+RTV+TRUVADA subject was not on a protease inhibitor-based regimen at screening; in Study 121, one STRIBILD subject had protocol-prohibited documented resistance.
| Study GS-US-236-0115 * | Study GS-US-236-0121 * | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| STRIBILD N=290 | PI+RTV+TRUVADA N=139 | STRIBILD N=290 | NNRTI+TRUVADA N=143 | |
| ||||
| Virologic Success HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL | 94% | 87% | 93% | 88% |
| Virologic Failure † | 1% | 1% | 1% | 1% |
| No Virologic Data in Week 48 Window | 6% | 12% | 6% | 11% |
| Discontinued Study Drug Due to AE or Death ‡ | 2% | 1% | 2% | 1% |
| Discontinued Study Drug Due to Other Reasons and Last Available HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL § | 4% | 10% | 4% | 9% |
| Missing Data During Window but on Study Drug | 0% | 0% | 0% | 1% |
Clinical Trial Results in HIV-1Treatment-Naïve Adolescent Subjects Aged 12 to Less than 18 Years
In Study 112, the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of STRIBILD were evaluated in a single group, open-label trial in HIV-1 infected treatment-naïve adolescents aged 12 to less than 18 years of age and weighing at least 35 kg (N=50). Mean age was 15 years (range 12–17); 70% were male, 68% black, and 28% Asian. At baseline, mean plasma HIV-1 RNA was 4.60 log10 copies per mL (range 3.18–5.73), mean CD4+ cell count was 399 cells per mm3 (range 133–734), and mean CD4+ percentage was 20.9% (range 4.5%–41.1%). Twenty percent had baseline plasma HIV-1 RNA >100,000 copies per mL.
At Week 48, 44 of 50 (88%) adolescent patients treated with STRIBILD achieved HIV-1 RNA <50 copies per mL and 4 had HIV-1 RNA ≥50 copies per mL; 1 patient discontinued study drug; 1 had no virologic data at Week 48. The mean decrease from baseline in HIV-1 RNA was −3.16 log10 copies per mL; mean increase from baseline in CD4+ cell count was 229 cells per mm3. No emergent resistance to STRIBILD was detected through Week 48.
STRIBILD tablets are green, capsule shaped, film coated, and debossed with "GSI" on one side and the number "1" surrounded by a square box ( 
) on the other side. Each bottle contains 30 tablets (NDC 61958-1201-1) and a silica gel desiccant, and is closed with a child-resistant closure.
Store at 25 °C (77 °F), excursions permitted to 15–30 °C (59–86 °F) (see USP Controlled Room Temperature).
- Keep container tightly closed.
- Dispense only in original container.
Mechanism of Action
STRIBILD is a fixed-dose combination of antiretroviral drugs elvitegravir (boosted by the CYP3A inhibitor cobicistat), emtricitabine, and TDF [see Microbiology (12.4)].
Stribild Prior Authorization Resources
Most recent state uniform prior authorization forms
Benefits investigation
Stribild Financial Assistance Options
Copay savings program
Overview
- Reduce patient OOP costs for drug (and occasionally for drug administration/infusion costs or drug-related test costs)
Patient benefit
- A portion (or all) of patient OOP (deductible, copay), typically up to monthly and/or annual max
Patient eligibility
- Patient must enroll or activate (may permit HCPs to enroll on patient’s behalf for HCP-administered drugs)
- Generally, must have commercial insurance (rarely, may permit uninsured patients to use)
- May never be used with government insurance
How to sign up
- Cards may be downloadable digital cards or hard copies
- Some pharmacos offer debit cards with pre-loaded copay benefit
- Typically, available through multiple channels (e.g., rep to HCP to patient; pharmacy to patient; patient via website, Hub live agent, or copay vendor (live agent or IVR); patient and HCP via Hub enrollment form)
- Some HCP-administered product programs permit HCPs to enroll on a patient’s behalf through via Hub form
Foundation programs
Overview
- Charitable 501(c)(3) organizations provide direct cost-sharing and other support (e.g., travel, counseling) through disease-state funds to indigent patients on first-come first-served basis
- These organizations may receive financial contributions from drug manaufacturers for particular disease-state funds that cannot provide funds directly to patients - the foundation must be independent/unaligned
Patient benefit
- Patients apply for grants that cover a portion (or all) of their out-of-pocket costs (deductibles and copays) until the grant is exhausted
Patient eligibility
- Patients must apply and meet eligibility criteria including income level (typically a multiple of federal poverty line), specific diagnosis, insurance status, etc.
How to sign up
- Patients submit proof of out-of-pocket drug costs to charities for reimbursement