Kisqali

     Early Breast Cancer

KISQALI is indicated in combination with an aromatase inhibitor for the adjuvant treatment of adults with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative stage II and III early breast cancer at high risk of recurrence.

     Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer

KISQALI is indicated for the treatment of adults with HR-positive, HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer in combination with:

• an aromatase inhibitor as initial endocrine-based therapy; or
• fulvestrant as initial endocrine-based therapy or following disease progression on endocrine therapy.

     Recommended Dosage

Important Administration Instructions

KISQALI can be taken with or without food [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Pre/perimenopausal women, or men, treated with the combination KISQALI plus an aromatase inhibitor or fulvestrant, should be treated with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist according to current clinical practice standards.

Patients should take their dose of KISQALI at approximately the same time each day, preferably in the morning.

If the patient vomits after taking the dose, or misses a dose, no additional dose should be taken that day. The next prescribed dose should be taken at the usual time. KISQALI tablets should be swallowed whole (tablets should not be chewed, crushed or split prior to swallowing). No tablet should be ingested if it is broken, cracked, or otherwise not intact.

Early Breast Cancer

The recommended dosage of KISQALI is 400 mg (two 200 mg film-coated tablets) taken orally, once daily for 21 consecutive days followed by 7 days off in 28-day treatment cycles. KISQALI should be given in combination with an aromatase inhibitor. Refer to the Full Prescribing Information for the recommended dosage of the aromatase inhibitor.

In patients with early breast cancer, treatment with KISQALI should continue for 3 years or until disease recurrence or unacceptable toxicity occurs.

Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer

The recommended dosage of KISQALI is 600 mg (three 200 mg film-coated tablets) taken orally, once daily for 21 consecutive days followed by 7 days off in 28-day treatment cycles. KISQALI should be given in combination with endocrine therapy (fulvestrant or an aromatase inhibitor). Refer to the Full Prescribing Information for the recommended dose of endocrine therapy.

     Dose Modifications       

Dose Modifications for Adverse Reactions

The recommended dose modifications for adverse reactions are listed in Table 1.

Tables 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 summarize recommendations for dose interruption, reduction, or discontinuation of KISQALI in the management of specific adverse reactions. Dose modification of KISQALI is recommended based on individual patient safety and tolerability.

Refer to the Full Prescribing Information for the coadministered aromatase inhibitor or fulvestrant for dose modification guidelines in the event of toxicity and other relevant safety information.

Dose Modification for Use with Strong CYP3A Inhibitors

Avoid concomitant use of KISQALI with strong CYP3A inhibitors and consider an alternative concomitant medication with less potential for CYP3A inhibition [see Drug Interactions (7.1)].

If a strong CYP3A inhibitor must be coadministered, reduce the KISQALI dose as shown in Table 8.

If the strong inhibitor is discontinued, change the KISQALI dose (after at least 5 half-lives of the strong CYP3A inhibitor) to the dose used prior to the initiation of the strong CYP3A inhibitor [see Drug Interactions (7.1), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Dose Modification for Hepatic Impairment

The recommended dose modifications for patients with hepatic impairment are shown in Table 9 [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Review the Full Prescribing Information for the co-administered aromatase inhibitor or fulvestrant for dose modifications related to hepatic impairment.

Dose Modification for Severe Renal Impairment

The recommended starting dose is 200 mg KISQALI once daily for patients with severe renal impairment [see Use in Specific Populations (8.7), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

     Pregnancy

Risk Summary

Based on findings from animal studies and the mechanism of action, KISQALI can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)].

There are no available human data informing the drug-associated risk. In animal reproduction studies, administration of ribociclib to pregnant animals during organogenesis resulted in increased incidences of post implantation loss and reduced fetal weights in rats and increased incidences of fetal abnormalities in rabbits at exposures 0.6 or 1.5 times the exposure in humans, respectively, at the highest recommended dose of 600 mg/day based on AUC (see Data). Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus.

The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. However, the background risk of major birth defects is 2%-4% and of miscarriage is 15%-20% of clinically recognized pregnancies in the U.S. general population.

Data

Animal Data

In embryo-fetal development studies in rats and rabbits, pregnant animals received oral doses of ribociclib up to 1000 mg/kg/day and 60 mg/kg/day, respectively, during the period of organogenesis.

In rats, 300 mg/kg/day resulted in reduced maternal body weight gain and reduced fetal weights accompanied by skeletal changes related to the lower fetal weights. There were no significant effects on embryo-fetal viability or fetal morphology at 50 or 300 mg/kg/day.

In rabbits at doses ≥ 30 mg/kg/day, there were adverse effects on embryo-fetal development, including increased incidences of fetal abnormalities (malformations and external, visceral, and skeletal variants) and fetal growth (lower fetal weights). These findings included reduced/small lung lobes, additional vessel on the descending aorta, additional vessel on the aortic arch, small eyes, diaphragmatic hernia, absent accessory lobe or (partly) fused lung lobes, reduced/small accessory lung lobe, extra/rudimentary 13th ribs, misshapen hyoid bone, bent hyoid bone alae, and reduced number of phalanges in the pollex. There was no evidence of increased incidence of embryo-fetal mortality. There was no maternal toxicity observed at 30 mg/kg/day.

At 300 mg/kg/day in rats and 30 mg/kg/day in rabbits, the maternal systemic exposures (AUC) were approximately 0.6 and 1.5 times, respectively, the exposure in patients at the highest recommended dose of 600 mg/day.

     Lactation       

Risk Summary

It is not known if ribociclib is present in human milk. There are no data on the effects of ribociclib on the breastfed infant or on milk production. Ribociclib and its metabolites readily passed into the milk of lactating rats. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed infants from KISQALI, advise lactating women not to breastfeed while taking KISQALI and for at least 3 weeks after the last dose.

Data

In lactating rats administered a single dose of 50 mg/kg, exposure to ribociclib was 3.56-fold higher in milk compared to maternal plasma.

     Females and Males of Reproductive Potential

Based on animal studies and mechanism of action, KISQALI can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].        

Pregnancy Testing

Verify pregnancy status in females of reproductive potential prior to starting treatment with KISQALI.

Contraception

Females

Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception (methods that result in less than 1% pregnancy rates) during treatment with KISQALI and for at least 3 weeks after the last dose.

Infertility

Males

Based on animal studies, KISQALI may impair fertility in males of reproductive potential [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)].

     Pediatric Use

The safety and efficacy of KISQALI in pediatric patients has not been established.

     Geriatric Use

Of the 2549 adults with early breast cancer who received KISQALI in NATALEE, 407 patients (16%) were ≥ 65 years of age and 123 patients (2.4%) were ≥ 75 years of age. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness of KISQALI were observed between older and younger adults with early breast cancer.

Of 334 patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer who received KISQALI in MONALEESA-2, 150 patients (45%) were ≥ 65 years of age and 35 patients (11%) were ≥ 75 years of age. Of 484 patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer who received KISQALI in MONALEESA-3, 226 patients (47%) were ≥ 65 years of age and 65 patients (14%) were ≥ 75 years of age. Of 248 patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer who received KISQALI in MONALEESA-7, no patients were ≥ 65 years of age. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness of KISQALI were observed between older and younger adults with advanced or metastatic breast cancer.

     Hepatic Impairment

No dose adjustment is necessary in patients with breast cancer who have mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class A) [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. A reduced starting dose of 400 mg is recommended in patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer who have moderate (Child-Pugh class B) and severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class C) [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].

     Renal Impairment

No dose adjustment is necessary in patients with breast cancer who have mild to moderate (30 mL/min to 89 mL/min/1.73 m2 ≤ estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)) renal impairment. A reduced starting dose of 200 mg is recommended in patients with breast cancer who have severe renal impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.2), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

     Interstitial Lung Disease/Pneumonitis

Severe, life-threatening, or fatal interstitial lung disease (ILD) and/or pneumonitis can occur in patients treated with KISQALI and other CDK 4/6 inhibitors.

In patients with early breast cancer (NATALEE) who received 400 mg KISQALI plus a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor (NSAI), 1.5% of patients had ILD/pneumonitis (Grade 1-2).

In patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer (MONALEESA-2, MONALEESA-3, MONALEESA-7), 1.6% of patients had ILD/pneumonitis (any Grade, 0.4% had Grade 3-4, and 0.1% had a fatal outcome). Additional cases of ILD/pneumonitis have occurred in the postmarketing setting, some resulting in death [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)].        

Monitor patients for pulmonary symptoms indicative of ILD/pneumonitis which may include hypoxia, cough, and dyspnea. In patients who have new or worsening respiratory symptoms suspected to be due to ILD or pneumonitis, interrupt KISQALI immediately and evaluate the patient. Permanently discontinue KISQALI in patients with severe ILD/pneumonitis or any recurrent symptomatic ILD/pneumonitis [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].        

     Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions

Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs), including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DiHS)/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) can occur in patients treated with KISQALI [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)].        

If signs or symptoms of severe cutaneous reactions occur, interrupt KISQALI until the etiology of the reaction has been determined [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)]. Early consultation with a dermatologist is recommended to ensure greater diagnostic accuracy and appropriate management.        

If SJS, TEN, or DiHS/DRESS is confirmed, permanently discontinue KISQALI. Do not reintroduce KISQALI in patients who have experienced SCARs or other life-threatening cutaneous reactions during KISQALI treatment.        

     QT Interval Prolongation

KISQALI has been shown to prolong the QT interval in a concentration-dependent manner [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)].        

Avoid KISQALI in patients who are at significant risk of developing Torsades de Pointes (TdP), including those with:        

• congenital long QT syndrome;
• uncontrolled or significant cardiac disease, recent myocardial infarction, heart failure, unstable angina, bradyarrhythmias, uncontrolled hypertension, high degree atrioventricular block, severe aortic stenosis, or uncontrolled hypothyroidism;
• electrolyte abnormalities;
• taking drugs known to prolong QT interval and/or strong CYP3A inhibitors as this may lead to prolongation of the QTcF interval.

Based on the observed QT prolongation during treatment, KISQALI may require dose interruption, reduction or discontinuation as described in Table 4 [see Dosage and Administration (2.2), Drug Interactions (7.4)].

In patients with early breast cancer (NATALEE) who received 400 mg KISQALI plus NSAI, 8 out of 2494 patients (0.3%) had > 500 ms post-baseline QTcF interval value and 50 out of 2494 patients (2%) had > 60 ms QTcF increase from baseline. QTcF prolongation was reversible with dose interruption. The majority of QTcF prolongation occurred within the first four weeks of KISQALI. There were no reported cases of Torsades de Pointes.

In patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer (MONALEESA-2, MONALEESA-3, and MONALEESA-7) who received 600 mg KISQALI plus NSAI or fulvestrant, 15 out of 1054 patients (1.4%) had a > 500 ms post-baseline QTcF value and 61 out of 1054 patients (6%) had a > 60 ms QTcF increase from baseline. QTcF prolongation was reversible with dose interruption. The majority of QTcF prolongation occurred within the first four weeks of KISQALI. There were no reported cases of Torsades de Pointes.

In MONALEESA-2, in the KISQALI plus letrozole treatment arm, there was one (0.3%) sudden death in a patient with Grade 3 hypokalemia and Grade 2 QT prolongation. No cases of sudden death were reported in MONALEESA-7 or MONALEESA-3 [see Adverse Reactions (6)].

Perform ECG in all patients prior to starting KISQALI. Initiate treatment with KISQALI only in patients with QTcF values less than 450 ms. Repeat ECG at approximately Day 14 of the first cycle, and as clinically indicated.

Monitor serum electrolytes (including potassium, calcium, phosphorous and magnesium) prior to the initiation of KISQALI at the beginning of the first 6 cycles, and as clinically indicated. Correct any abnormality before starting KISQALI [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].

     Increased QT Prolongation with Concomitant Use of Tamoxifen

Avoid use of tamoxifen with KISQALI. In MONALEESA-7, the observed mean QTcF increase from baseline was > 10 ms higher in the tamoxifen plus placebo subgroup compared with the non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors (NSAIs) plus placebo subgroup. In the placebo arm, an increase of > 60 ms from baseline occurred in 6/90 (7%) of patients receiving tamoxifen, and in no patients receiving an NSAI. An increase of > 60 ms from baseline in the QTcF interval was observed in 14/87 (16%) of patients in the KISQALI and tamoxifen combination and in 18/245 (7%) of patients receiving KISQALI plus an NSAI [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2)].

     Hepatotoxicity

In patients with early and advanced or metastatic breast cancer, drug-induced liver injury and increases in transaminases occurred with KISQALI.

In patients with early breast cancer (NATALEE) treated with KISQALI, drug-induced liver injury was reported in 9 patients (0.4%), of which 5 were Grade ≥ 3, and 8 had resolved as of the data cutoff. There were 8 (0.3%) clinically confirmed Hy’s Law cases (including 4 out of 9 drug-induced liver injury mentioned above), 6 of which had resolved within 303 days and 2 of which were improving, all after discontinuation of KISQALI. Grade 3 or 4 increases in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) occurred in 8% and 4.7% respectively; including Grade 4 increases in ALT (1.5%) and AST (0.8%).

         In patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer (MONALEESA-2, MONALEESA-7 and MONALEESA-3) treated with KISQALI Grade 3 or 4 increases in ALT and AST occurred in 11% and 8%, respectively. Among the patients who had Grade ≥ 3 ALT/AST elevation, the median time-to-onset was 92 days for the KISQALI plus aromatase inhibitor or fulvestrant treatment arms. The median time to resolution to Grade ≤ 2 was 21 days in the KISQALI plus aromatase inhibitor or fulvestrant treatment arms. In MONALEESA-2 and MONALEESA-3, concurrent elevations in ALT or AST greater than three times the ULN and total bilirubin greater than two times the ULN, with normal alkaline phosphatase, in the absence of cholestasis (Hy’s Law) occurred in 6 (1%) patients and all patients recovered after discontinuation of KISQALI.

Perform liver function tests (LFTs) in all patients before initiating KISQALI. Monitor LFTs every 2 weeks for first 2 cycles, at the beginning of each of the subsequent 4 cycles, and as clinically indicated [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].

Based on the severity of the transaminase elevations, KISQALI may require dose interruption, reduction, or discontinuation as described in Table 5 (Dose Modification and Management for Hepatobiliary Toxicity) [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].

     Neutropenia

KISQALI causes concentration-dependent neutropenia.

In patients with early breast cancer (NATALEE) who received KISQALI plus NSAI, 94%, including 45% of Grade 3 or 4, had a decrease in neutrophil counts (based on laboratory findings), 63% had an adverse reaction of neutropenia, and 0.3% had febrile neutropenia. The median time to Grade ≥ 2 neutropenia was 18 days. The median time to resolution of Grade ≥ 3 neutropenia to Grade < 3 was 10 days. Treatment discontinuation due to neutropenia was required in 1.1% of patients.

         In patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer (MONALEESA-2, MONALEESA-7, and MONALEESA-3) who received KISQALI plus NSAI or fulvestrant, 75% had neutropenia, 62% had Grade 3 or 4 decrease in neutrophil count (based on laboratory findings), and 1.7% had febrile neutropenia. The median time to Grade ≥ 2 neutropenia was 17 days. The median time to resolution of Grade ≥ 3 neutropenia to Grade < 3 was 12 days. Treatment discontinuation due to neutropenia was required in 1% of patients.

Perform a complete blood count (CBC) in all patients before initiating KISQALI. Monitor CBC every 2 weeks for the first 2 cycles, at the beginning of each subsequent 4 cycles, and as clinically indicated.

Based on the severity of the neutropenia, KISQALI may require dose interruption, reduction, or discontinuation as described in Table 6 [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].

     Embryo-Fetal Toxicity

Based on findings from animal studies and the mechanism of action, KISQALI can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. In animal reproduction studies, administration of ribociclib to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis caused embryo-fetal toxicities at maternal exposures that were 0.6 and 1.5 times the human clinical exposure, respectively, based on area under the curve (AUC). Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise women of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during therapy with KISQALI and for at least 3 weeks after the last dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.3), Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)].