Kloxxado
(Naloxone Hcl)Kloxxado Prescribing Information
KLOXXADO is indicated for the emergency treatment of known or suspected opioid overdose, as manifested by respiratory and/or central nervous system depression, for adult and pediatric patients.
KLOXXADO is intended for immediate administration as emergency therapy in settings where opioids may be present.
KLOXXADO is not a substitute for emergency medical care.
• KLOXXADO is for intranasal use only. (2.1)• Seek emergency medical care immediately after use. ()2.1 Important Dosage and Administration Instructions• KLOXXADO is for intranasal use only.• The device is ready to use. Do not prime or test prior to administration.• Do not attempt to reuse KLOXXADO. Each KLOXXADO contains a single dose of naloxone and cannot be reused.• Because suspected opioid overdose is usually managed by someone other than the patient, instruct the prescription recipient to inform those around them about the presence of KLOXXADO and theInstructions for Use.Instruct the patient or caregiver to read the Instructions for Useat the time they receive a prescription for KLOXXADO. Emphasize the following instructions to the patient or caregiver.• Administer KLOXXADO as quickly as possible because prolonged respiratory depression may result in damage to the central nervous system or death.• Always seek immediate emergency medical assistance after the first dose of KLOXXADO has been administered in the event of a suspected, potentially life-threatening opioid emergency because the duration of action of most opioids exceeds that of naloxone hydrochloride. Keep the patient under continued surveillance and administer repeated doses of KLOXXADO, as necessary, until emergency personnel arrive[see Warnings and Precautions ].• Administer KLOXXADO according to the printed instructions on the carton and theInstructions for Use.• Place the patient in the supine position. Prior to administration, be sure the device nozzle is inserted in either nostril of the patient and provide support to the back of the neck to allow the head to tilt back.Do not prime or test the device prior to administration.• To administer the dose, press firmly on the device plunger and remove the device nozzle from the nostril after use. Place the patient in recovery position by turning him/her onto their side as shown in theInstructions for Useand call for emergency medical assistance immediately after the first dose of KLOXXADO.• Administer additional doses of KLOXXADO, using a new nasal spray, every 2 to 3 minutes as needed if the patient does not respond or responds and then relapses into respiratory depression. Administer KLOXXADO in alternate nostrils with each dose[see Dosing and Administration (2.2)].
• Administer a single spray of KLOXXADO to adult or pediatric patients intranasally into one nostril. (2.2)• Administer additional doses of KLOXXADO, using a new nasal spray with each dose, if the patient does not respond or responds and then relapses into respiratory depression. Additional doses of KLOXXADO may be given every 2 to 3 minutes until emergency medical assistance arrives. ()2.2 Dosing in Adult and Pediatric PatientsInitial DosingThe recommended initial dose of KLOXXADO in adult and pediatric patients is one spray delivered by intranasal administration into one nostril, which delivers 8 mg of naloxone hydrochloride to adult or pediatric patients.
Repeat DosingSeek emergency medical assistance as soon as possible, after administering the first dose of KLOXXADO.
If the desired response is not obtained after 2 or 3 minutes, administer an additional dose using a new KLOXXADO in alternate nostril. If there is still no response and additional doses are available, administer additional doses of KLOXXADO every 2 to 3 minutes, alternating nostrils and using a new KLOXXADO, until emergency medical assistance arrives. The requirement for repeat doses of KLOXXADO depends upon the amount, type, and route of administration of the opioid being antagonized.
If the patient responds to KLOXXADO and subsequently relapses back into respiratory depression before emergency assistance arrives, administer an additional dose using a new KLOXXADO, in the opposite nostril, and continue surveillance of the patient.
Additional supportive and/or resuscitative measures may be helpful while awaiting emergency medical assistance.
Reversal of respiratory depression by partial agonists or mixed agonist/antagonists, such as buprenorphine and pentazocine, may be incomplete and require repeated administration of KLOXXADO using a new nasal spray
[see Warnings and Precautions(5.2)].2.2 Dosing in Adult and Pediatric PatientsInitial DosingThe recommended initial dose of KLOXXADO in adult and pediatric patients is one spray delivered by intranasal administration into one nostril, which delivers 8 mg of naloxone hydrochloride to adult or pediatric patients.
Repeat DosingSeek emergency medical assistance as soon as possible, after administering the first dose of KLOXXADO.
If the desired response is not obtained after 2 or 3 minutes, administer an additional dose using a new KLOXXADO in alternate nostril. If there is still no response and additional doses are available, administer additional doses of KLOXXADO every 2 to 3 minutes, alternating nostrils and using a new KLOXXADO, until emergency medical assistance arrives. The requirement for repeat doses of KLOXXADO depends upon the amount, type, and route of administration of the opioid being antagonized.
If the patient responds to KLOXXADO and subsequently relapses back into respiratory depression before emergency assistance arrives, administer an additional dose using a new KLOXXADO, in the opposite nostril, and continue surveillance of the patient.
Additional supportive and/or resuscitative measures may be helpful while awaiting emergency medical assistance.
Reversal of respiratory depression by partial agonists or mixed agonist/antagonists, such as buprenorphine and pentazocine, may be incomplete and require repeated administration of KLOXXADO using a new nasal spray
[see Warnings and Precautions(5.2)].
KLOXXADO is supplied as a single-dose, intranasal spray containing 8 mg of naloxone hydrochloride (equivalent to 7.2 mg naloxone) in 0.1 mL. It is a clear, colorless to yellow solution filled into a clear glass vial, stoppered and fitted with a unit-dose nasal spray device.
Available data from retrospective cohort studies on naloxone use in pregnant women have not identified a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. Naloxone may precipitate opioid withdrawal in the pregnant woman and fetus
The use of KLOXXADO in patients who are opioid-dependent may precipitate opioid withdrawal characterized by the following signs and symptoms: body aches, diarrhea, tachycardia, fever, runny nose, sneezing, piloerection, sweating, yawning, nausea or vomiting, nervousness, restlessness or irritability, shivering or trembling, abdominal cramps, weakness, and increased blood pressure. In neonates, opioid withdrawal may be life-threatening if not recognized and properly treated and may include the following signs and symptoms: convulsion, excessive crying, and hyperactive reflexes. Monitor the patient for the development of the signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal.
Abrupt postoperative reversal of opioid depression after using naloxone hydrochloride may result in nausea, vomiting, sweating, tremulousness, tachycardia, hypotension, hypertension, seizures, ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, pulmonary edema, and cardiac arrest. Death, coma, and encephalopathy have been reported as sequelae of these events. These events have primarily occurred in patients who had pre-existing cardiovascular disorders or received other drugs that may have similar adverse cardiovascular effects. Monitor patients with pre-existing cardiac disease or patients who have received medications with potential adverse cardiovascular effects for hypotension, ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, and pulmonary edema in an appropriate healthcare setting. It has been suggested that the pathogenesis of pulmonary edema associated with the use of naloxone hydrochloride is similar to neurogenic pulmonary edema, i.e., a centrally mediated massive catecholamine response leading to a dramatic shift of blood volume into the pulmonary vascular bed resulting in increased hydrostatic pressures.
There may be clinical settings, particularly the postpartum period in neonates with known or suspected exposure to maternal opioid use, where it is preferable to avoid the abrupt precipitation of opioid withdrawal symptoms. In these settings, consider use of an alternative, naloxone-containing product that can be titrated to effect and, where applicable, dosed according to weight
The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population(s) is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively.
Naloxone hydrochloride crosses the placenta, and may precipitate withdrawal in the fetus, as well as in the opioid-dependent mother
The use of KLOXXADO in patients who are opioid-dependent may precipitate opioid withdrawal characterized by the following signs and symptoms: body aches, diarrhea, tachycardia, fever, runny nose, sneezing, piloerection, sweating, yawning, nausea or vomiting, nervousness, restlessness or irritability, shivering or trembling, abdominal cramps, weakness, and increased blood pressure. In neonates, opioid withdrawal may be life-threatening if not recognized and properly treated and may include the following signs and symptoms: convulsion, excessive crying, and hyperactive reflexes. Monitor the patient for the development of the signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal.
Abrupt postoperative reversal of opioid depression after using naloxone hydrochloride may result in nausea, vomiting, sweating, tremulousness, tachycardia, hypotension, hypertension, seizures, ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, pulmonary edema, and cardiac arrest. Death, coma, and encephalopathy have been reported as sequelae of these events. These events have primarily occurred in patients who had pre-existing cardiovascular disorders or received other drugs that may have similar adverse cardiovascular effects. Monitor patients with pre-existing cardiac disease or patients who have received medications with potential adverse cardiovascular effects for hypotension, ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, and pulmonary edema in an appropriate healthcare setting. It has been suggested that the pathogenesis of pulmonary edema associated with the use of naloxone hydrochloride is similar to neurogenic pulmonary edema, i.e., a centrally mediated massive catecholamine response leading to a dramatic shift of blood volume into the pulmonary vascular bed resulting in increased hydrostatic pressures.
There may be clinical settings, particularly the postpartum period in neonates with known or suspected exposure to maternal opioid use, where it is preferable to avoid the abrupt precipitation of opioid withdrawal symptoms. In these settings, consider use of an alternative, naloxone-containing product that can be titrated to effect and, where applicable, dosed according to weight
Naloxone hydrochloride was administered during organogenesis to mice and rats at doses 3-times and 6-times, respectively, a human dose of 16 mg (from two nasal sprays of KLOXXADO) based on body surface area comparison. These studies demonstrated no embryotoxic or teratogenic effects due to naloxone hydrochloride.
KLOXXADO is contraindicated in patients known to be hypersensitive to naloxone hydrochloride or to any of the other ingredients in KLOXXADO.
• Risk of Recurrent Respiratory and CNS Depression: Due to the duration of action of naloxone relative to the opioid, keep patient under continued surveillance and administer repeat doses of naloxone using a new nasal spray with each dose, as necessary, while awaiting emergency medical assistance. (5.1)• Risk of Limited Efficacy with Partial Agonists or Mixed Agonist/Antagonists: Reversal of respiratory depression caused by partial agonists or mixed agonist/antagonists, such as buprenorphine and pentazocine, may be incomplete. Larger or repeat doses may be necessary. ()5.2 Risk of Limited Efficacy with Partial Agonists or Mixed Agonist/AntagonistsReversal of respiratory depression by partial agonists or mixed/antagonists such as buprenorphine and pentazocine may be incomplete. Larger or repeat doses of naloxone hydrochloride may be required to antagonize buprenorphine because the latter has a long duration of action due to its slow rate of binding and subsequent slow dissociation from the opioid receptor
[see Dosage and Administration ]. Buprenorphine antagonism is characterized by a gradual onset of the reversal effects and a decreased duration of action of the normally prolonged respiratory depression.• Precipitation of Severe Opioid Withdrawal: Use in patients who are opioid dependent may precipitate opioid withdrawal. In neonates, opioid withdrawal may be life-threatening if not recognized and properly treated. Monitor for the development of opioid withdrawal. ()5.3 Precipitation of Severe Opioid WithdrawalThe use of KLOXXADO in patients who are opioid-dependent may precipitate opioid withdrawal characterized by the following signs and symptoms: body aches, diarrhea, tachycardia, fever, runny nose, sneezing, piloerection, sweating, yawning, nausea or vomiting, nervousness, restlessness or irritability, shivering or trembling, abdominal cramps, weakness, and increased blood pressure. In neonates, opioid withdrawal may be life-threatening if not recognized and properly treated and may include the following signs and symptoms: convulsion, excessive crying, and hyperactive reflexes. Monitor the patient for the development of the signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal.
Abrupt postoperative reversal of opioid depression after using naloxone hydrochloride may result in nausea, vomiting, sweating, tremulousness, tachycardia, hypotension, hypertension, seizures, ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, pulmonary edema, and cardiac arrest. Death, coma, and encephalopathy have been reported as sequelae of these events. These events have primarily occurred in patients who had pre-existing cardiovascular disorders or received other drugs that may have similar adverse cardiovascular effects. Monitor patients with pre-existing cardiac disease or patients who have received medications with potential adverse cardiovascular effects for hypotension, ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, and pulmonary edema in an appropriate healthcare setting. It has been suggested that the pathogenesis of pulmonary edema associated with the use of naloxone hydrochloride is similar to neurogenic pulmonary edema, i.e., a centrally mediated massive catecholamine response leading to a dramatic shift of blood volume into the pulmonary vascular bed resulting in increased hydrostatic pressures.
There may be clinical settings, particularly the postpartum period in neonates with known or suspected exposure to maternal opioid use, where it is preferable to avoid the abrupt precipitation of opioid withdrawal symptoms. In these settings, consider use of an alternative, naloxone-containing product that can be titrated to effect and, where applicable, dosed according to weight
[see Use in Specific Population ].• Risk of Cardiovascular (CV) Effects: Abrupt postoperative reversal of opioid depression may result in adverse CV effects. These events have primarily occurred in patients who had preexisting CV disorders or received other drugs that may have similar adverse CV effects. Monitor these patients closely in an appropriate healthcare setting after use of naloxone hydrochloride. ()5.3 Precipitation of Severe Opioid WithdrawalThe use of KLOXXADO in patients who are opioid-dependent may precipitate opioid withdrawal characterized by the following signs and symptoms: body aches, diarrhea, tachycardia, fever, runny nose, sneezing, piloerection, sweating, yawning, nausea or vomiting, nervousness, restlessness or irritability, shivering or trembling, abdominal cramps, weakness, and increased blood pressure. In neonates, opioid withdrawal may be life-threatening if not recognized and properly treated and may include the following signs and symptoms: convulsion, excessive crying, and hyperactive reflexes. Monitor the patient for the development of the signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal.
Abrupt postoperative reversal of opioid depression after using naloxone hydrochloride may result in nausea, vomiting, sweating, tremulousness, tachycardia, hypotension, hypertension, seizures, ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, pulmonary edema, and cardiac arrest. Death, coma, and encephalopathy have been reported as sequelae of these events. These events have primarily occurred in patients who had pre-existing cardiovascular disorders or received other drugs that may have similar adverse cardiovascular effects. Monitor patients with pre-existing cardiac disease or patients who have received medications with potential adverse cardiovascular effects for hypotension, ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, and pulmonary edema in an appropriate healthcare setting. It has been suggested that the pathogenesis of pulmonary edema associated with the use of naloxone hydrochloride is similar to neurogenic pulmonary edema, i.e., a centrally mediated massive catecholamine response leading to a dramatic shift of blood volume into the pulmonary vascular bed resulting in increased hydrostatic pressures.
There may be clinical settings, particularly the postpartum period in neonates with known or suspected exposure to maternal opioid use, where it is preferable to avoid the abrupt precipitation of opioid withdrawal symptoms. In these settings, consider use of an alternative, naloxone-containing product that can be titrated to effect and, where applicable, dosed according to weight
[see Use in Specific Population ].