Multiple Electrolytes Ph 7.4
(Sodium Chloride, Sodium Gluconate, Sodium Acetate, Potassium Chloride And Magnesium Chloride)Multiple Electrolytes Ph 7.4 Prescribing Information
Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP, pH 7.4 is indicated as a source of water and electrolytes or as an alkalinizing agent.
- Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP, pH 7.4 is intended for intravenous administration using sterile equipment.
- Do not connect flexible plastic containers in series in order to avoid air embolism due to possible residual air contained in the primary container.
- Set the vent to the closed position on a vented intravenous administration set to prevent air embolism.
- Use a dedicated line without any connections to avoid air embolism.
- Do not pressurize intravenous solutions contained in flexible plastic containers to increase flow rates in order to avoid air embolism due to incomplete evacuation of residual air in the container.
- Prior to infusion, visually inspect the solution for particulate matter and discoloration. The solution should be clear and there should be no precipitates. Do not administer unless solution is clear, and container is undamaged.
- Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP, pH 7.4 is compatible with blood or blood components. It may be administered prior to or following the infusion of blood through the same administration set (i.e., as a priming solution), added to or infused concurrently with blood components, or used as a diluent in the transfusion of packed erythrocytes. Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP, pH 7.4 and 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP are equally compatible with blood or blood components.
The choice of product, dosage, volume, rate, and duration of administration is dependent upon the age, weight and clinical condition of the patient and concomitant therapy, and administration should be determined by a physician experienced in intravenous fluid therapy.
Additives may be incompatible.
Evaluate all additions to the plastic container for compatibility and stability of the resulting preparation. Consult with a pharmacist, if available. If, in the informed judgment of the physician, it is deemed advisable to introduce additives, use aseptic technique. Mix thoroughly when additives have been introduced. After addition, if there is a discoloration and/or the appearance of precipitates, insoluble complexes or crystals, do not use. Do not store solutions containing additives. Discard any unused portion.
Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP, pH 7.4 is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to the product. See
Hypersensitivity and infusion reactions have been reported with Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP. See
Stop the infusion immediately if signs or symptoms of a hypersensitivity reaction develop, such as tachycardia, chest pain, dyspnea and flushing. Appropriate therapeutic countermeasures must be instituted as clinically indicated.
Depending on the volume and rate of infusion, the intravenous administration of Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP can cause electrolyte disturbances such as overhydration, and congested states, including pulmonary congestion and edema.
Avoid Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP in patients with or at risk for fluid and/or solute overloading. If use cannot be avoided, monitor fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations, and acid base balance, as needed and especially during prolonged use.
Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP may cause hyponatremia. Hyponatremia can lead to acute hyponatremic encephalopathy characterized by headache, nausea, seizures, lethargy, and vomiting. Patients with brain edema are at particular risk of severe, irreversible and life-threatening brain injury.
The risk of hospital-acquired hyponatremia is increased in patients with cardiac or pulmonary failure, and in patients with non-osmotic vasopressin release (including SIADH) treated with high volume of hypotonic Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP.
Avoid Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP in hypervolemic or overhydrated patients. If use cannot be avoided, monitor serum sodium concentrations.
Hypernatremia may occur with Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP. Conditions that may increase the risk of hypernatremia, fluid overload and edema (central and peripheral), include patients with: primary hyperaldosteronism; secondary hyperaldosteronism associated with, for example, hypertension, congestive heart failure, liver disease (including cirrhosis), renal disease (including renal artery stenosis, nephrosclerosis); and pre-eclampsia.
Certain medications, such as corticosteroids or corticotropin, may also increase risk of sodium and fluid retention, see
Avoid Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP in patients with, or at risk for, hypernatremia. If use cannot be avoided, monitor serum sodium concentrations.
Avoid solutions containing magnesium including Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP in patients with or predisposed to hypermagnesemia, including patients with severe renal impairment and those patients receiving magnesium therapy (e.g., treatment of eclampsia and myasthenia gravis).
Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP is not indicated for the treatment of hypomagnesemia.
Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP is not for use for the treatment of lactic acidosis or severe metabolic acidosis in patients with severe liver and/or renal impairment.
Excess administration of Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP can result in metabolic alkalosis. Avoid Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP in patients with alkalosis or at risk for alkalosis.
Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP is not indicated for the treatment of hypochloremic hypokalemic alkalosis. Avoid use in patients with hypochloremic hypokalemic alkalosis.
Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP contains no calcium, and an increase in plasma pH due to its alkalinizing effect may lower the concentration of ionized (not protein-bound) calcium. Avoid Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP in patients with hypocalcemia.
Potassium-containing solutions, including Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP may increase the risk of hyperkalemia.
Patient's at increased risk of developing hyperkalemia include those:
- With conditions predisposing to hyperkalemia and/or associated with increased sensitivity to potassium, such as patients with severe renal impairment, acute dehydration, extensive tissue injury or burns, certain cardiac disorders such as congestive heart failure.
- Treated concurrently or recently with agents or products that cause or increase the risk of hyperkalemia (seePRECAUTIONS).
Avoid Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP in patients with, or at risk for hyperkalemia. If use cannot be avoided, monitor serum potassium concentrations.
Although Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP has a potassium concentration in plasma, it is insufficient to produce a useful effect in case of severe potassium deficiency; therefore, it is not indicated for correction of severe potassium deficiency.
The following adverse reactions associated with the use of Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP were identified in clinical trials or postmarketing reports. Because postmarketing reactions were reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to estimate their frequency, reliably, or to establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Administration of Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP to patients treated concomitantly with drugs associated with sodium and fluid retention, may increase the risk of hypernatremia and volume overload. Avoid use of Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP in patients receiving such products, such as corticosteroids or corticotropin. If use cannot be avoided, monitor serum electrolytes, fluid balance and acid-base balance.
Administration of Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP in patients treated concomitantly with medications associated with hyponatremia may increase the risk of developing hyponatremia.
Avoid use of Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP in patients receiving products, such as diuretics, and certain antiepileptic and psychotropic medications. Drugs that increase the vasopressin effect reduce renal electrolyte free water excretion and may also increase the risk of hyponatremia following treatment with intravenous fluids. If use cannot be avoided, monitor serum sodium concentrations.
Renal clearance of lithium may be increased during administration of Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP. Monitor serum lithium concentrations during concomitant use.
Because of its potassium content, avoid use of Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP in patients receiving products that can cause hyperkalemia or increase the risk of hyperkalemia, such as potassium sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, or the immunosuppressants tacrolimus and cyclosporine. If use cannot be avoided, monitor serum potassium concentrations.
Due to its alkalinizing effect (formation of bicarbonate), Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP may interfere with the elimination of drugs with pH dependent renal elimination. Renal clearance of acidic drugs may be increased. Renal clearance of alkaline drugs may be decreased.
Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP, pH 7.4 is a sterile, nonpyrogenic isotonic solution in a single dose container for intravenous administration. Each 100 mL contains 526 mg of Sodium Chloride, USP (NaCl); 502 mg of Sodium Gluconate (C6H11NaO7); 368 mg of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate, USP (C2H3NaO2•3H2O); 37 mg of Potassium Chloride, USP (KCl); and 30 mg of Magnesium Chloride, USP (MgCl2•6H2O). It contains no antimicrobial agents. The pH is adjusted with sodium hydroxide. The pH is 7.4 (6.5 to 8.0).
Multiple Electrolytes Injection, Type 1, USP, pH 7.4 administered intravenously has value as a source of water, electrolytes, and calories. One liter has an ionic concentration of 140 mEq sodium, 5 mEq potassium, 3 mEq magnesium, 98 mEq chloride, 27 mEq acetate, and 23 mEq gluconate. The osmolarity is 294 mOsmol/L (calc). Normal physiologic osmolarity range is 280 to 310 mOsmol/L. The caloric content is 21 kcal/L.
The flexible plastic container is fabricated from a specially formulated non-plasticized, film containing polypropylene and thermoplastic elastomers (