Fyarro

Recommended Dosage

The recommended dosage of FYARRO is 100 mg/m2 administered as an intravenous infusion over 30 minutes on Days 1 and 8 of each 21-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Dosage Modifications for Adverse Reactions

Table 1 lists the recommended dose reductions of FYARRO for adverse reactions.

Table 2 lists the recommended dosage modifications of FYARRO for adverse reactions.

Dosage Modifications for Concomitant Use with CYP3A4 and/or P-gp Inhibitors and Inducers

Reduce the dosage of FYARRO to 56 mg/m2 when used concomitantly with a moderate or weak cytochrome P-450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibitor. Avoid concomitant use with drugs that are strong CYP3A4 and/or P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors and inducers and with grapefruit and grapefruit juice [see Drug Interactions , Clinical Pharmacology ].

Patients with Hepatic Impairment

The recommended dosage modification of FYARRO in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment is described in Table 3[see Use in Specific Populations , Clinical Pharmacology ]. Closely monitor patients with hepatic impairment for increased toxicity. Avoid use in patients with severe hepatic impairment [see Use in Specific Populations ].

Preparation and Administration

FYARRO is a hazardous drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures.1

FYARRO is supplied as a sterile lyophilized powder for reconstitution before use. READ ENTIRE PREPARATION INSTRUCTIONS PRIOR TO RECONSTITUTION.

Preparation:

1. Aseptically, reconstitute each vial by injecting 20 mL of 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP.

2. Slowly inject the 20 mL of 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, over a minimum of 1 minute, using the sterile syringe to direct the solution flow onto the INSIDE WALL OF THE VIAL.

3. DO NOT INJECT the 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, directly on to the lyophilized powder, which has a cake-like appearance, as this will result in foaming.

4. Once the injection is complete, allow the vial to sit for a minimum of 5 minutes to ensure proper wetting of the lyophilized powder.

5. Gently swirl and/or invert the vial slowly for at least 2 minutes until complete dissolution of any powder occurs. Avoid shaking the vial to prevent the generation of foam.

6 .If foaming or clumping occurs, let suspension stand for at least 15 minutes until foam subsides. If foaming or clumping is present after one hour, do not use the reconstituted suspension.

Each mL of the reconstituted formulation will contain 5 mg sirolimus.

The reconstituted suspension should be milky and homogenous without visible particulates. If particulates or settling are visible, the vial should be gently inverted again to ensure complete resuspension prior to use. Discard the reconstituted suspension if precipitates are observed. Discard any unused portion.

7. Transfer the volume of FYARRO required for the calculated dose into an empty sterile PVC or polyolefin infusion bag for administration without further dilution.

The use of medical devices containing silicone oil as a lubricant (e.g., syringes and intravenous bags) to reconstitute and administer FYARRO may result in the formation of proteinaceous strands.

Visually inspect reconstituted FYARRO suspension in the infusion bag prior to administration. Discard reconstituted suspension if particulate matter, proteinaceous strands, or discoloration are observed.

Administration:

Administer the reconstituted FYARRO suspension intravenously over 30 minutes.

Stability

Unopened vials of FYARRO are stable until the date indicated on the package when stored between 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F) in the original package. Neither freezing nor thawing adversely affects the stability of the product.

Stability of Reconstituted Suspension in the Vial

Reconstituted FYARRO in the vial should be used immediately but may be refrigerated at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F) for a maximum of 6 hours stored in the original carton to protect it from light. Discard any unused portion.

Stability of Reconstituted Suspension in the Infusion Bag

The suspension for infusion when prepared as recommended in an infusion bag should be used immediately but may be refrigerated at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F) and protected from light for a maximum of 9 hours.

The total maximum combined refrigerated storage time of reconstituted FYARRO in the vial and in the infusion bag is 15 hours. This may be followed by storage in the infusion bag at ambient temperature (approximately 25°C) and lighting conditions for a maximum of 4 hours. Discard any unused portion.

Pregnancy

Risk Summary

Based on animal studies and the mechanism of action, FYARRO can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Clinical Pharmacology ]. Although there are no data on the use of FYARRO in pregnant women, there are limited data on the use of sirolimus during pregnancy. In animal studies, oral sirolimus was embryo/fetotoxic in rats [see Data] at sub-therapeutic doses. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus.

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively.

Data

Animal Data

Reproductive studies in animals have not been performed with FYARRO. Studies with an oral formulation of sirolimus have shown that it crosses the placenta and is toxic to the conceptus.

In rat embryo-fetal development studies, pregnant rats were administered an oral formulation of sirolimus during the period of organogenesis (Gestational Day 6-15). Sirolimus produced embryo-fetal lethality at 0.5 mg/kg and reduced fetal weight at 1 mg/kg. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for fetal toxicity in rats was 0.1 mg/kg. Maternal toxicity (weight loss) was observed at 2 mg/kg. The NOAEL for maternal toxicity was 1 mg/kg.

In rabbit embryo-fetal development studies, pregnant rabbits were administered an oral formulation of sirolimus during the period of organogenesis (Gestational Day 6-18). There were no effects on embryo-fetal development at doses up to 0.05 mg/kg; however, at doses of 0.05 mg/kg and above, the ability to sustain a pregnancy was impaired (i.e., embryo-fetal abortion or early resorption). Maternal toxicity (decreased body weight) was observed at 0.05 mg/kg. The NOAEL for maternal toxicity was 0.025 mg/kg.

In a pre- and post-natal development study in rats, pregnant females were dosed with an oral formation of sirolimus during gestation and lactation (Gestational Day 6 through Lactation Day 20). An increased incidence of dead pups occurred at 0.5 mg/kg, resulting in reduced live litter size. At 0.1 mg/kg, there were no adverse effects on offspring. Sirolimus did not cause maternal toxicity or affect developmental parameters in the surviving offspring (e.g., morphological development, motor activity, learning, or fertility assessment) at 0.5 mg/kg, the highest oral dose tested.

Lactation

Risk Summary

There are no data on the presence of FYARRO in human milk or its effects on the breastfed child or on milk production.

It is not known whether sirolimus is present in human milk. There are no data on its effects on the breastfed infant or milk production. The pharmacokinetic and safety profiles of sirolimus in infants are not known. Sirolimus is present in the milk of lactating rats. There is potential for serious adverse effects from sirolimus in breastfed infants based on mechanism of action [see Clinical Pharmacology ]. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed infants from FYARRO, advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with FYARRO and for 2 weeks after the last dose.

Females and Males of Reproductive Potential

FYARRO can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Warnings and Precautions , Use in Specific Populations ].

Pregnancy Testing

Verify pregnancy status of females of reproductive potential prior to initiating FYARRO.

Contraception

Females

Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with FYARRO and for 12 weeks after the last dose.

Males

Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with FYARRO and for 12 weeks after the last dose.

Infertility

Although there are no data on the impact of FYARRO on fertility, based on available clinical findings with oral formulation of sirolimus and findings in animals, male and female fertility may be compromised by the treatment with FYARRO [see Warnings and Precautions , Nonclinical Toxicology ]. Ovarian cysts and menstrual disorders (including amenorrhea and menorrhagia) have been reported in females with the use of oral formulation of sirolimus. Azoospermia has been reported in males with the use of oral formulation sirolimus and has been reversible upon discontinuation in most cases.

Pediatric Use

The safety and efficacy of FYARRO in pediatric patients have not been established.

Geriatric Use

Of the 34 patients treated with FYARRO, 44% were 65 years of age and older, and 6% were 75 years of age and older. Clinical studies of FYARRO did not include sufficient numbers of patients aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients.

Hepatic Impairment

FYARRO is not recommended for use in patients with severe hepatic impairment. Reduce FYARRO dosage in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment [see Dosage and Administration , Clinical Pharmacology ].

Stomatitis

Stomatitis, including mouth ulcers and oral mucositis, occurred in 79% of patients treated with FYARRO, including 18% Grade 3. Stomatitis was most often first reported within 8 weeks of treatment. Based on the severity of the adverse reaction, withhold, resume at reduced dose, or permanently discontinue FYARRO [see Dosage and Administration , Adverse Reactions ]

Myelosuppression

FYARRO can cause myelosuppression including anemia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. Anemia occurred in 68% of patients; 6% were Grade 3. Thrombocytopenia and neutropenia occurred in 35% of patients each.

Obtain blood counts at baseline and every 2 months for the first year of treatment and every 3 months thereafter, or more frequently if clinically indicated. Based on the severity of the adverse reaction, withhold, resume at reduced dose, or permanently discontinue FYARRO [see Dosage and Administration , Adverse Reactions ].

Infections

FYARRO can cause infections. Infections such as urinary tract infections (UTI), upper respiratory tract infections and sinusitis occurred in 59% of patients. Grade 3 infections occurred in 12% of patients, including a single case each of a UTI, pneumonia, skin, and abdominal infections. Monitor patients for infections, including opportunistic infections. Based on the severity of the adverse reaction, withhold, resume at reduced dose, or permanently discontinue FYARRO [see Dosage and Administration , Adverse Reactions ].

Hypokalemia

FYARRO can cause hypokalemia. Hypokalemia occurred in 44% of patients, including 12% Grade 3 events. Monitor potassium levels prior to starting FYARRO and implement potassium supplementation as medically indicated. Based on the severity of the adverse reaction, withhold, resume at reduced dose, or permanently discontinue FYARRO [see Dosage and Administration , Adverse Reactions ].

Hyperglycemia

FYARRO can cause hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia occurred in 12% of patients treated with FYARRO, all of which were Grade 3 events. Monitor fasting serum glucose prior to starting FYARRO. During treatment, monitor serum glucose every 3 months in non-diabetic patients, or as clinically indicated. Monitor serum glucose more frequently in diabetic patients. Based on the severity of the adverse reaction, withhold, resume at reduced dose, or permanently discontinue FYARRO [see Dosage and Administration , Adverse Reactions ].

Interstitial Lung Disease / Non-Infectious Pneumonitis

FYARRO can cause interstitial lung disease (ILD) / non-infectious pneumonitis. ILD / non-infectious pneumonitis occurred in 18% of patients treated with FYARRO, of which all were Grades 1 or 2. Based on the severity of the adverse reaction, withhold, resume at reduced dose, or permanently discontinue FYARRO [see Dosage and Administration ].

Hemorrhage

FYARRO can cause serious and sometimes fatal hemorrhage. Hemorrhage occurred in 24% of patients treated with FYARRO, including Grade 3 and Grade 5 events in 2.9% of patients each [see Adverse Reactions ]. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of hemorrhage. Based on the severity of the adverse reaction, withhold, resume at reduced dose, or permanently discontinue FYARRO [see Dosage and Administration ].

Hypersensitivity Reactions

FYARRO can cause hypersensitivity reactions [see Contraindications ].

• Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactic, angioedema, exfoliative dermatitis and hypersensitivity vasculitis have been observed with administration of the oral formulation of sirolimus.
• Hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis have been observed with human albumin administration.

Monitor patients closely for signs and symptoms of infusion reactions during and following each FYARRO infusion in a setting where cardiopulmonary resuscitation medication and equipment are available. Monitor patients for at least 2 hours after the first infusion and as clinically needed for each subsequent infusion.

Reduce the rate, interrupt infusion, or permanently discontinue FYARRO based on severity and institute appropriate medical management as needed.

Embryo-Fetal Toxicity

Based on animal studies and the mechanism of action [see Clinical Pharmacology ], FYARRO can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. In animal studies, mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) inhibitors caused embryo-fetal toxicity when administered during the period of organogenesis at maternal exposures that were equal to or less than human exposures at the recommended lowest starting dose. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to avoid becoming pregnant and to use effective contraception while using FYARRO and for 12 weeks after the last dose [see Use in Specific Populations ].

Male Infertility

Azoospermia or oligospermia may be observed in patients treated with FYARRO [see Use in Specific Populations , Nonclinical Toxicology ]. FYARRO is an anti-proliferative drug and affects rapidly dividing cells such as germ cells.

Immunizations and Risks Associated with Live Vaccines

No studies in conjunction with immunization have been conducted with FYARRO. Immunization during FYARRO treatment may be ineffective. Update immunizations according to immunization guidelines prior to initiating FYARRO, if possible. Immunization with live vaccines is not recommended during treatment and avoid close contact with those who have received live vaccines while on FYARRO. The interval between live vaccinations and initiation of FYARRO should be in accordance with current vaccination guidelines for patients on immunosuppressive therapies.

Risk of Transmission of Infectious Agents with Human Albumin

FYARRO contains human albumin, a derivative of human blood. Human albumin carries only a remote risk of transmission of viral diseases because of effective donor screening and product manufacturing processes. A theoretical risk for transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) also is considered extremely remote. No cases of transmission of viral diseases or CJD have ever been associated with albumin.

Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

The safety of FYARRO was assessed in a single-arm study (AMPECT). Thirty-four patients received FYARRO 100 mg/m2 on Days 1 and 8 of 21-day cycles until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity [see Clinical Studies ]. Among the 34 patients who received FYARRO, 16 (47%) were exposed for 6 months or longer and 7 (21%) were exposed for greater than 1 year.

The median age of patients who received FYARRO was 59.5 years (range 27 to 78 years), 82% were female and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status was 0 (76%) or 1 (24%). Race was 71% White, 9% Black, 9% Asian, 3% Hawaiian/Pacific Islander and 9% Other/Not Reported. Ethnicity was 82% not Hispanic or Latino, 15% Hispanic or Latino, and 3% Not Reported.

Serious adverse reactions occurred in 14 (41%) patients who received FYARRO. Serious adverse reactions in >5% of patients, including 4 (12%) patients with infection and 2 (6%) patients each with abdominal pain, dehydration, and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 1 (2.9%) patient who received FYARRO and experienced upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

Permanent discontinuation of FYARRO due to an adverse reaction occurred in 3 (9%) patients. Adverse reactions which resulted in permanent discontinuation of FYARRO included pneumonitis, anemia, and noninfective cystitis.

Dosage interruptions of FYARRO due to an adverse reaction occurred in 22 (65%) patients. Adverse reactions which required dosage interruption in >5% of patients included stomatitis in 6 (18%) patients, pneumonitis in 5 (15%) patients, anemia in 3 (9%) patients, and dehydration, dermatitis acneiform, and thrombocytopenia in 2 (6%) patients each.

Dose reductions of FYARRO due to an adverse reaction occurred in 12 (35%) patients. Adverse reactions which required dose reductions in >5% of patients included stomatitis and pneumonitis in 3 (9%) patients each.

The most common adverse reactions (≥30%) were stomatitis in 27 (79%) patients, fatigue and rash in 23 (68%) patients each, infection in 20 (59%) patients, nausea and edema in 17 (50%) patients each, diarrhea, musculoskeletal pain and decreased weight in 16 (47%) patients each, decreased appetite in 15 (44%) patients, cough in 12 (35%) patients, and vomiting and dysgeusia in 11 (32%) patients each. The most common Grade 3 to 4 laboratory abnormalities (≥6%) were decreased lymphocytes in 7 (21%) patients, increased glucose and decreased potassium in 4 (12%) patients each, decreased phosphate in 3 (9%) patients, and decreased hemoglobin and increased lipase in 2 (6%) patients each.

Table 4 summarizes the adverse reactions in AMPECT.

Table 5 summarizes the laboratory abnormalities in AMPECT.

Clinically relevant adverse reactions occurring in <10% of patients included enteritis, edema, pancytopenia, acute kidney injury, and acute coronary syndrome.

Effects of Other Drugs on FYARRO

CYP3A4 and/or P-gp Inhibitors or Inducers

CYP3A4 and/or P-gp inhibitors may increase sirolimus concentrations, which may increase the risk of FYARRO adverse reactions. CYP3A4 and/or P-gp inducers may decrease sirolimus concentrations, which may reduce FYARRO effectiveness.

• Strong CYP3A4 and/or P-gp Inhibitors or Inducers: Avoid concomitant use of FYARRO with strong CYP3A4 and/or P-gp inhibitors or strong CYP3A4 and/or P-gp inducers [see Dosage and Administration , Clinical Pharmacology ].
• Grapefruit or Grapefruit Juice: Avoid concomitant use of FYARRO with grapefruit or grapefruit juice.
• Moderate or Weak CYP3A4 Inhibitors: Reduce the dosage of FYARRO when used concomitantly with a moderate or weak CYP3A4 inhibitor [see Dosage and Administration , Clinical Pharmacology ].
• Moderate or Weak CYP3A4 Inducers: Use of FYARRO may result in decreased effectiveness.

Mechanism of Action

Sirolimus in FYARRO is an inhibitor of mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR, previously known as mammalian target of rapamycin). mTOR, a serine threonine kinase, is downstream of the PI3K/AKT pathway, controls key cellular processes such as cell survival, growth, and proliferation, and is commonly dysregulated in several human cancers. In cells, sirolimus binds to the immunophilin, FK Binding Protein-12 (FKBP-12), to generate an immunosuppressive complex. The sirolimus-FKBP-12 complex binds to and inhibits activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Inhibition of mTOR by sirolimus has been shown to reduce cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and glucose uptake in in vitro and in vivo studies. In a nonclinical study in athymic mice bearing human tumor xenografts, intravenous administration of FYARRO resulted in higher tumor accumulation of sirolimus, inhibition of an mTOR target in the tumor, and tumor growth inhibition compared to administration of an oral formulation of sirolimus at the same weekly total dose.

Pharmacodynamics

Sirolimus exposure-response relationship has not been fully characterized.

Cardiac Electrophysiology

The effect of FYARRO on the QTc interval has not been adequately characterized.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption

Following administration of FYARRO at the recommended dosage, the estimated mean (%CV) Cmax and AUC0-inf of sirolimus in patients with advanced solid tumors were 2590 ng/mL (30% CV) and 22100 ng∙h/mL (50% CV), respectively.

Distribution

The protein binding of sirolimus is >99%, primarily to serum albumin in vitro.

Elimination

The mean elimination half-life of sirolimus is approximately 59 hours (41% CV).

Metabolism

Sirolimus is metabolized by CYP3A4.

Excretion

Following a single radiolabeled sirolimus oral dose to human subjects, 91% and 2% of the radioactivity was recovered in feces and urine, respectively.

Specific Populations

There were no clinically significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of sirolimus based on age (18 to 78 years), sex, mild or moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance 30 to 89 mL/min). The effect of race, severe renal impairment, and hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of sirolimus is unknown.

Drug Interaction Studies

No studies evaluating the drug interaction potential of FYARRO have been conducted.

Sirolimus is a substrate for both CYP3A4 and P-gp.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

No carcinogenicity, mutagenesis, or fertility studies were conducted with FYARRO.

Carcinogenicity studies have been conducted in mice and rats with an oral formulation of sirolimus. In an 86-week female mouse study, there was a statistically significant increase in malignant lymphoma at all dose levels compared with controls. In a second mouse study, hepatocellular adenoma and carcinoma in males were considered sirolimus-related. In a 104-week rat study, there were no significant findings.

Sirolimus was not genotoxic in an in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay, a Chinese hamster ovary cell chromosomal aberration assay, a mouse lymphoma cell forward mutation assay, or an in vivo mouse micronucleus assay.

When female rats were treated by gavage with an oral formulation of sirolimus and mated to untreated males, female fertility was decreased at 0.5 mg/kg due to decreased implantation. In addition, reduced ovary and uterus weight were observed. The NOAEL for female rat fertility was 0.1 mg/kg.

When male rats were treated by gavage with an oral formulation of sirolimus and mated to untreated females, male fertility was decreased at 2 mg/kg. Atrophy of testes, epididymides, prostate, seminiferous tubules, and reduced sperm counts were observed. The NOAEL for male rat fertility was 0.5 mg/kg.

Testicular tubular degeneration was also seen in a 4-week intravenous study of sirolimus in monkeys at 0.1 mg/kg.

Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor (PEComa)

The efficacy of FYARRO was assessed in AMPECT , a multi-center, single-arm clinical trial in 31 patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic malignant PEComa. Patients were required to have measurable disease at baseline, centrally confirmed diagnosis by pathology of malignant PEComa, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status (PS) of 0 or 1. Patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis and prior treatment with a mTOR inhibitor were excluded. Patients received FYARRO at a dose of 100 mg/m2 on Days 1 and 8 of 21-day cycles until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

The efficacy population of 31 patients had the following demographic characteristics: median age 60 years (range 34 to 78), 81% Female, 74% White, 10% Black, and 81% ECOG PS of 0. Five (16%) patients had locally advanced disease and 26 (84%) had metastatic disease. Ninety-four percent of patients had prior surgery,19% had prior radiation therapy, and 13% had prior systemic therapy.

The major efficacy outcome measures were overall response rate (ORR) and duration of response (DOR) as assessed by blinded independent central review (BICR) using RECIST v.1.1.

The efficacy results are summarized in Table 6.