Dosage & Administration
| Indication | Initiation Dosing (deltoid) | Monthly Maintenance Dose Administered 5 weeks after the first injection. (deltoid or gluteal) | Maximum Monthly Dose | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1 | Day 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Schizophrenia ( 2.2 Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective DisorderFor patients who have never taken oral paliperidone or oral or injectable risperidone, it is recommended to establish tolerability with oral paliperidone or oral risperidone prior to initiating treatment with INVEGA SUSTENNA. The recommended dosing of INVEGA SUSTENNA for each approved indication is displayed in Table 1. The recommended initiation of INVEGA SUSTENNA is with a dose of 234 mg on treatment day 1 and 156 mg one week later, both administered in the deltoid muscle. Following the second initiation dose, monthly maintenance doses can be administered in either the deltoid or gluteal muscle.
Adjustment of the maintenance dose may be made monthly. When making dose adjustments, the prolonged-release characteristics of INVEGA SUSTENNA should be considered [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] , as the full effect of the dose adjustment may not be evident for several months. | 234 mg | 156 mg | 39–234 mg The recommended maintenance dose for treatment of schizophrenia is 117 mg. Some patients may benefit from lower or higher maintenance doses within the additional available strengths (39 mg, 78 mg, 156 mg, and 234 mg). | 234 mg | |||||||||||||||||
Schizoaffective disorder ( 2.2 Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective DisorderFor patients who have never taken oral paliperidone or oral or injectable risperidone, it is recommended to establish tolerability with oral paliperidone or oral risperidone prior to initiating treatment with INVEGA SUSTENNA. The recommended dosing of INVEGA SUSTENNA for each approved indication is displayed in Table 1. The recommended initiation of INVEGA SUSTENNA is with a dose of 234 mg on treatment day 1 and 156 mg one week later, both administered in the deltoid muscle. Following the second initiation dose, monthly maintenance doses can be administered in either the deltoid or gluteal muscle.
Adjustment of the maintenance dose may be made monthly. When making dose adjustments, the prolonged-release characteristics of INVEGA SUSTENNA should be considered [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] , as the full effect of the dose adjustment may not be evident for several months. | 234 mg | 156 mg | 78–234 mg Adjust dose based on tolerability and/or efficacy using available strengths. The 39 mg strength was not studied in the long-term schizoaffective disorder study. | 234 mg | |||||||||||||||||
2.2 Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective DisorderFor patients who have never taken oral paliperidone or oral or injectable risperidone, it is recommended to establish tolerability with oral paliperidone or oral risperidone prior to initiating treatment with INVEGA SUSTENNA.
The recommended dosing of INVEGA SUSTENNA for each approved indication is displayed in Table 1. The recommended initiation of INVEGA SUSTENNA is with a dose of 234 mg on treatment day 1 and 156 mg one week later, both administered in the deltoid muscle. Following the second initiation dose, monthly maintenance doses can be administered in either the deltoid or gluteal muscle.
| Indication | Initiation Dosing (deltoid) | Monthly Maintenance DoseAdministered 5 weeks after the first injection. (deltoid or gluteal) | Maximum Monthly Dose | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1 | Day 8 | |||
| Schizophrenia | 234 mg | 156 mg | 39–234 mgThe recommended maintenance dose for treatment of schizophrenia is 117 mg. Some patients may benefit from lower or higher maintenance doses within the additional available strengths (39 mg, 78 mg, 156 mg, and 234 mg). | 234 mg |
| Schizoaffective disorder | 234 mg | 156 mg | 78–234 mgAdjust dose based on tolerability and/or efficacy using available strengths. The 39 mg strength was not studied in the long-term schizoaffective disorder study. | 234 mg |
Adjustment of the maintenance dose may be made monthly. When making dose adjustments, the prolonged-release characteristics of INVEGA SUSTENNA should be considered
2.3 Missed DosesAvoiding Missed Doses
It is recommended that the second initiation dose of INVEGA SUSTENNA be given one week after the first dose. To avoid a missed dose, patients may be given the second dose 4 days before or after the one-week time point. Similarly, the third and subsequent injections after the initiation regimen are recommended to be given monthly. To avoid a missed monthly dose, patients may be given the injection up to 7 days before or after the monthly time point.
If the target date for the second INVEGA SUSTENNA injection (one week ± 4 days) is missed, the recommended reinitiation depends on the length of time which has elapsed since the patient's first injection. In case of a missed second initiation dose follow the dosing instructions provided in Table 2.
| TIMING OF MISSED SECOND INITIATION DOSE | DOSING |
|---|---|
Less than 4 weeks since first injection | Administer the second initiation dose of 156 mg in the deltoid muscle as soon as possible. |
4 to 7 weeks since first injection | Resume dosing with two injections of 156 mg in the following manner: |
More than 7 weeks since first injection | Restart dosing with recommended initiation (see Section 2.2, Table 1) : |
In case of a missed maintenance dose follow the dosing instructions provided in Table 3.
| TIMING OF MISSED MAINTENANCE DOSE | DOSING |
|---|---|
4 to 6 weeks since last injection | Resume regular monthly dosing as soon as possible at the patient's previously stabilized dose, followed by injections at monthly intervals. |
More than 6 weeks to 6 months since last injection | Resume the same dose the patient was previously stabilized on (unless the patient was stabilized on a dose of 234 mg, then the first 2 injections should each be 156 mg) in the following manner: |
More than 6 months since last injection | Restart dosing with recommended initiation (see Section 2.2, Table 1 ): |
2.5 Dosage AdjustmentsINVEGA SUSTENNA has not been systematically studied in patients with renal impairment
For patients with mild renal impairment (creatinine clearance ≥ 50 mL/min to < 80 mL/min [Cockcroft-Gault Formula]), initiate INVEGA SUSTENNA with a dose of 156 mg on treatment Day 1 and 117 mg on Day 8, both in the deltoid muscle. Follow with the recommended monthly maintenance dose of 78 mg, administered in either the deltoid or gluteal muscle. Adjust monthly maintenance dose based on tolerability and/or efficacy within the strengths of 39 mg, 78 mg, 117 mg, or 156 mg. The maximum monthly dose is 156 mg for patients with mild renal impairment
INVEGA SUSTENNA is not recommended in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 50 mL/min)
Avoid using a strong inducer of CYP3A4 and/or P-gp (e.g., carbamazepine, rifampin, St John's Wort) during the 1-month dosing interval for INVEGA SUSTENNA, if possible. If administering a strong inducer is necessary, consider managing the patient using paliperidone extended release tablets
2.5 Dosage AdjustmentsINVEGA SUSTENNA has not been systematically studied in patients with renal impairment
For patients with mild renal impairment (creatinine clearance ≥ 50 mL/min to < 80 mL/min [Cockcroft-Gault Formula]), initiate INVEGA SUSTENNA with a dose of 156 mg on treatment Day 1 and 117 mg on Day 8, both in the deltoid muscle. Follow with the recommended monthly maintenance dose of 78 mg, administered in either the deltoid or gluteal muscle. Adjust monthly maintenance dose based on tolerability and/or efficacy within the strengths of 39 mg, 78 mg, 117 mg, or 156 mg. The maximum monthly dose is 156 mg for patients with mild renal impairment
INVEGA SUSTENNA is not recommended in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 50 mL/min)
Avoid using a strong inducer of CYP3A4 and/or P-gp (e.g., carbamazepine, rifampin, St John's Wort) during the 1-month dosing interval for INVEGA SUSTENNA, if possible. If administering a strong inducer is necessary, consider managing the patient using paliperidone extended release tablets
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Invega Sustenna Prescribing Information
5.1 Increased Mortality in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related PsychosisElderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. Analyses of 17 placebo-controlled trials (modal duration of 10 weeks), largely in patients taking atypical antipsychotic drugs, revealed a risk of death in drug-treated patients of between 1.6 to 1.7 times the risk of death in placebo-treated patients. Over the course of a typical 10-week controlled trial, the rate of death in drug-treated patients was about 4.5%, compared to a rate of about 2.6% in the placebo group. Although the causes of death were varied, most of the deaths appeared to be either cardiovascular (e.g., heart failure, sudden death) or infectious (e.g., pneumonia) in nature. Observational studies suggest that, similar to atypical antipsychotic drugs, treatment with conventional antipsychotic drugs may increase mortality. The extent to which the findings of increased mortality in observational studies may be attributed to the antipsychotic drug as opposed to some characteristic(s) of the patients is not clear. INVEGA SUSTENNA is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis
Dosage and Administration (2.7 Instructions for Preparation and AdministrationEach injection must be administered only by a healthcare professional. The kit contains a prefilled syringe and 2 safety needles (a 1 ½-inch 22 gauge needle and a 1-inch 23 gauge needle) for intramuscular injection. INVEGA SUSTENNA is for single use only.
Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure h1 h2 h3 | 9/2024 | ||||||||||||
Warnings and Precautions (5.10 HyperprolactinemiaLike other drugs that antagonize dopamine D2receptors, paliperidone elevates prolactin levels and the elevation persists during chronic administration. Paliperidone has a prolactin-elevating effect similar to that seen with risperidone, a drug that is associated with higher levels of prolactin than other antipsychotic drugs. Hyperprolactinemia, regardless of etiology, may suppress hypothalamic GnRH, resulting in reduced pituitary gonadotrophin secretion. This, in turn, may inhibit reproductive function by impairing gonadal steroidogenesis in both female and male patients. Galactorrhea, amenorrhea, gynecomastia, and impotence have been reported in patients receiving prolactin-elevating compounds. Long-standing hyperprolactinemia when associated with hypogonadism may lead to decreased bone density in both female and male subjects. Tissue culture experiments indicate that approximately one-third of human breast cancers are prolactin dependent in vitro , a factor of potential importance if the prescription of these drugs is considered in a patient with previously detected breast cancer. An increase in the incidence of pituitary gland, mammary gland, and pancreatic islet cell neoplasia (mammary adenocarcinomas, pituitary and pancreatic adenomas) was observed in the risperidone carcinogenicity studies conducted in mice and rats[see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)] . Published epidemiologic studies have shown inconsistent results when exploring the potential association between hyperprolactinemia and breast cancer.Prolactin data from two long-term, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies with INVEGA SUSTENNA are presented below; one study was in a population of patients with schizophrenia; the second study was in patients with schizoaffective disorder. Schizophrenia In a long-term maintenance trial of INVEGA SUSTENNA in schizophrenia patients (Study PSY-3001), see Clinical Studies (14.1) , elevations of prolactin to above the reference range (> 18 ng/mL in males and > 30 ng/mL in females) relative to open-label baseline at any time during the double-blind phase were noted in a higher percentage of the patients in the INVEGA SUSTENNA group than those in the placebo group in males (51.9% vs. 29.0%) and in females (50.5% vs. 42.9%). During the double-blind phase, 4 females (4.2%) in the INVEGA SUSTENNA group experienced potentially prolactin-related adverse reactions (amenorrhea N=2; galactorrhea N=1; menstruation irregular N=1), while 2 females (2.2%) in the placebo group experienced potentially prolactin-related adverse reactions (amenorrhea N=1; breast pain N=1). One male (0.9%) in the INVEGA SUSTENNA group experienced erectile dysfunction and 1 male (0.9%) in placebo group experienced gynecomastia.Prior to the double-blind phase (during the 33-week open-label phase of the long-term maintenance trial), the mean (SD) serum prolactin values at baseline were 14.9 (22.3) ng/mL in males (N=490) and 35.2 (39.6) ng/mL in females (N=358). At the end of the open-label phase, mean (SD) prolactin values were 24.7 (22.5) ng/mL in males (N=470) and 59.5 (38.1) ng/mL in females (N=333). During the open-label phases 49.2% of females and 47.7% of males experienced elevations of prolactin above the reference range relative to baseline, and a higher proportion of females experienced potentially prolactin-related adverse reactions compared to males (5.3% vs. 1.8%). Amenorrhea (2.5%) in females and no single potentially prolactin-related adverse reaction in males were observed with a rate greater than 2%. Schizoaffective Disorder In a long-term maintenance trial of INVEGA SUSTENNA in patients with schizoaffective disorder (Study SCA-3004) see Clinical Studies (14.2) , elevations of prolactin to above the reference range (> 13.13 ng/mL in males and > 26.72 ng/mL in females) relative to open-label baseline at any time during the 15-month double-blind phase were noted in a higher percentage of patients in the INVEGA SUSTENNA group than those in the placebo group in males (55.6% vs. 23.2%) and in females (44.3% vs. 25.0%). During the 15-month double-blind phase, 11 females (13.9%) in the INVEGA SUSTENNA group had 14 potentially prolactin-related adverse reactions (hyperprolactinemia N=3; blood prolactin increased N=4; libido decreased N=1; amenorrhea N=3; galactorrhea N=3), while 5 females (5.8%) in the placebo group had 6 potentially prolactin-related adverse reactions (hyperprolactinemia N=2; blood prolactin increased N=1; amenorrhea N=2; galactorrhea N=1). Six males (7.1%) in the INVEGA SUSTENNA group experienced 6 potentially prolactin-related adverse reactions (hyperprolactinemia N=4; libido decreased N=1; erectile dysfunction N=1), while 1 male (1.2%) in the placebo group experienced adverse reaction of blood prolactin increased.Prior to the 15-month double-blind phase (during the 25-week open-label phase of the long-term maintenance trial), the mean (SD) serum prolactin values at baseline were 14.6 (14.0) ng/mL in males (N=352) and 39.1 (44.6) ng/mL in females (N=302). At the end of the open-label phase, mean (SD) prolactin values were 32.8 (17.2) ng/mL in males (N=275) and 72.4 (46.5) ng/mL in females (N=239). During the open-label phase, 48.9% of females and 53.3% of males experienced elevations of prolactin above the reference range relative to baseline, and a higher proportion of females experienced potentially prolactin-related adverse reactions compared to males (10.0% vs. 9.0%). Amenorrhea (5.8%) and galactorrhea (2.9%) in females and libido decrease (2.8%) and erectile dysfunction (2.5%) in males were observed with a rate greater than 2%. | 1/2025 | ||||||||||||
INVEGA SUSTENNA (paliperidone palmitate) is indicated for the treatment of:
- Schizophrenia in adults[see].
14.1 SchizophreniaShort-Term Monotherapy (Studies 1, 2, 3, 4)
The efficacy of INVEGA SUSTENNA in the acute treatment of schizophrenia was evaluated in four short-term (one 9-week and three 13-week) double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose studies of acutely relapsed adult inpatients who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia. The fixed doses of INVEGA SUSTENNA in these studies were given on days 1, 8, and 36 in the 9-week study, and additionally on day 64 of the 13-week studies, i.e., at a weekly interval for the initial two doses and then every 4 weeks for maintenance.
Efficacy was evaluated using the total score on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The PANSS is a 30-item scale that measures positive symptoms of schizophrenia (7 items), negative symptoms of schizophrenia (7 items), and general psychopathology (16 items), each rated on a scale of 1 (absent) to 7 (extreme); total PANSS scores range from 30 to 210.
In Study 1 (PSY-3007), a 13-week study (n=636) comparing three fixed doses of INVEGA SUSTENNA (initial deltoid injection of 234 mg followed by 3 gluteal or deltoid doses of either 39 mg/4 weeks, 156 mg/4 weeks or 234 mg/4 weeks) to placebo, all three doses of INVEGA SUSTENNA were superior to placebo in improving the PANSS total score.
In Study 2 (PSY-3003), another 13-week study (n=349) comparing three fixed doses of INVEGA SUSTENNA (78 mg/4 weeks, 156 mg/4 weeks, and 234 mg/4 weeks) to placebo, only 156 mg/4 weeks of INVEGA SUSTENNA was superior to placebo in improving the PANSS total score.
In Study 3 (PSY-3004), a third 13-week study (n=513) comparing three fixed doses of INVEGA SUSTENNA (39 mg/4 weeks, 78 mg/4 weeks, and 156 mg/4 weeks) to placebo, all three doses of INVEGA SUSTENNA were superior to placebo in improving the PANSS total score.
In Study 4 (SCH-201), the 9-week study (n=197) comparing two fixed doses of INVEGA SUSTENNA (78 mg/4 weeks and 156 mg/4 weeks) to placebo, both doses of INVEGA SUSTENNA were superior to placebo in improving PANSS total score.
A summary of the mean baseline PANSS scores along with the mean changes from baseline in the four short-term acute schizophrenia studies are provided in Table 14.
Table 14: Schizophrenia Short-term Studies Study Number Treatment Group Primary Efficacy Measure: PANSS Total Score Mean Baseline Score (SD) LS Mean Change from Baseline (SE) Placebo-subtracted DifferenceDifference (drug minus placebo) in least-squares mean change from baseline.
(95% CI)SD: standard deviation; SE: standard error; LS Mean: least-squares mean; CI: unadjusted confidence interval. Study 1INVEGA SUSTENNA (39 mg/4 weeks)p<0.05 (Doses statistically significantly superior to placebo). 86.9 (11.99) -11.2 (1.69) -5.1 (-9.01, -1.10) INVEGA SUSTENNA (156 mg/4 weeks) 86.2 (10.77) -14.8 (1.68) -8.7 (-12.62, -4.78) INVEGA SUSTENNA (234 mg/4 weeks) 88.4 (11.70) -15.9 (1.70) -9.8 (-13.71, -5.85) Placebo 86.8 (10.31) -6.1 (1.69) -- Study 2Because an insufficient number of subjects received the 234 mg/4 weeks dose, results from this group are not included.INVEGA SUSTENNA (78 mg/4 weeks) 89.9 (10.78) -6.9 (2.50) -3.5 (-8.73, 1.77) INVEGA SUSTENNA (156 mg/4 weeks) 90.1 (11.66) -10.4 (2.47) -6.9 (-12.12, -1.68) Placebo 92.4 (12.55) -3.5 (2.15) -- Study 3INVEGA SUSTENNA (39 mg/4 weeks) 90.7 (12.25) -19.8 (2.19) -6.6 (-11.40, -1.73) INVEGA SUSTENNA (78 mg/4 weeks) 91.2 (12.02) -19.2 (2.19) -5.9 (-10.76, -1.07) INVEGA SUSTENNA (156 mg/4 weeks) 90.8 (11.70) -22.5 (2.18) -9.2 (-14.07, -4.43) Placebo 90.7 (12.22) -13.3 (2.21) -- Study 4INVEGA SUSTENNA (78 mg/4 weeks) 88.0 (12.39) -4.6 (2.43) -11.2 (-16.85, -5.57) INVEGA SUSTENNA (156 mg/4 weeks) 85.2 (11.09) -7.4 (2.45) -14.0 (-19.51, -8.58) Placebo 87.8 (13.90) 6.6 (2.45) -- Maintenance Monotherapy Treatment (Study 5: PSY-3001)
The efficacy of INVEGA SUSTENNA in maintaining symptomatic control in schizophrenia was established in a longer-term double-blind, placebo-controlled, flexible-dose study involving adult subjects who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia. This study included a minimum 12-week, fixed-dose stabilization phase, and a randomized, placebo-controlled phase to observe for relapse. During the double-blind phase, patients were randomized to either the same dose of INVEGA SUSTENNA they received during the stabilization phase, i.e., 39 mg, 78 mg, or 156 mg administered every 4 weeks, or to placebo. A total of 410 stabilized patients were randomized to either INVEGA SUSTENNA or to placebo until they experienced a relapse of schizophrenia symptoms. Relapse was pre-defined as time to first emergence of one or more of the following: psychiatric hospitalization, ≥ 25% increase (if the baseline score was > 40) or a 10-point increase (if the baseline score was ≤ 40) in total PANSS score on two consecutive assessments, deliberate self-injury, violent behavior, suicidal/homicidal ideation, or a score of ≥ 5 (if the maximum baseline score was ≤ 3) or ≥ 6 (if the maximum baseline score was 4) on two consecutive assessments of the specific PANSS items. The primary efficacy variable was time to relapse. A pre-planned interim analysis showed a statistically significantly longer time to relapse in patients treated with INVEGA SUSTENNA compared to placebo, and the study was stopped early because maintenance of efficacy was demonstrated. Thirty-four percent (34%) of subjects in the placebo group and 10% of subjects in the INVEGA SUSTENNA group experienced a relapse event. There was a statistically significant difference between the treatment groups in favor of INVEGA SUSTENNA. A Kaplan-Meier plot of time to relapse by treatment group is shown in Figure 3. The time to relapse for subjects in the placebo group was statistically significantly shorter than for the INVEGA SUSTENNA group. An examination of population subgroups did not reveal any clinically significant differences in responsiveness on the basis of gender, age, or race.
Figure 3: Kaplan-Meier Plot of Cumulative Proportion of Subjects with Relapse Over Time (Schizophrenia Study 5)Figure 3Long-Term Comparative Monotherapy Treatment versus Oral Antipsychotic Therapy (Study 6: SCH-3006)
The efficacy of INVEGA SUSTENNA in delaying time to treatment failure compared with selected oral antipsychotic medications was established in a long-term, randomized, flexible-dose study in subjects with schizophrenia and a history of incarceration. Subjects were screened for up to 14 days followed by a 15-month treatment phase during which they were observed for treatment failure.
The primary endpoint was time to first treatment failure. Treatment failure was defined as one of the following: arrest and/or incarceration; psychiatric hospitalization; discontinuation of antipsychotic treatment because of safety or tolerability; treatment supplementation with another antipsychotic because of inadequate efficacy; need for increase in level of psychiatric services to prevent an imminent psychiatric hospitalization; discontinuation of antipsychotic treatment because of inadequate efficacy; or suicide. Treatment failure was determined by an Event Monitoring Board (EMB) that was blinded to treatment assignment. A total of 444 subjects were randomly assigned to either INVEGA SUSTENNA (N = 226; median dose 156 mg) or one of up to seven pre-specified, flexibly-dosed, commonly prescribed oral antipsychotic medications (N = 218; aripiprazole, haloperidol, olanzapine, paliperidone, perphenazine, quetiapine, or risperidone). The selection of the oral antipsychotic medication was determined to be appropriate for the patient by the investigator. A statistically significantly longer time to first treatment failure was seen for INVEGA SUSTENNA compared with oral antipsychotic medications. The median time to treatment failure was 416 days and 226 days for INVEGA SUSTENNA and antipsychotic medications, respectively. A Kaplan-Meier plot of time to first treatment failure is shown in Figure 4. The frequencies of first treatment failure events by type are shown in Table 15. The time to first arrest and/or incarceration or psychiatric hospitalization was also statistically significantly longer for the INVEGA SUSTENNA group compared to the oral antipsychotic group.
Figure 4: Kaplan-Meier Plot of Time to First Treatment Failure in a Long-Term, Randomized, Flexible-Dose Study in Subjects with Schizophrenia and a History of Incarceration (Schizophrenia Study 6)*Median time to first treatment failure: 416 days with INVEGA SUSTENNA; 226 days with oral antipsychoticsTable 15: Components of Composite Endpoint in a Long-Term, Randomized, Flexible-Dose Study in Subjects with Schizophrenia and a History of Incarceration (Schizophrenia Study 6) Event Type INVEGA SUSTENNA
N=226
frequency (%)Oral Antipsychotics
N=218
frequency (%)Hazard RatioHazard ratio of INVEGA SUSTENNA to Oral Antipsychotics based on Cox regression model for time-to-event analysis. Note that the hazard ratio did not appear constant throughout the trial.
[95% CI]First Treatment Failures90 (39.8%) 117 (53.7%) 0.70
[0.53, 0.92]First Treatment Failure Component Events- Arrest and/or incarceration
48 (21.2%) 64 (29.4%) - Psychiatric hospitalization
18 (8.0%) 26 (11.9%) - Discontinuation of antipsychotic treatment because of safety or tolerability
15 (6.6%) 8 (3.7%) - Treatment supplementation with another antipsychotic because of inadequate efficacy
5 (2.2%) 6 (2.8%) - Need for increase in level of psychiatric services to prevent an imminent psychiatric hospitalization
3 (1.3%) 4 (1.8%) - Discontinuation of antipsychotic treatment because of inadequate efficacy
1 (0.4%) 9 (4.1%) - Suicide
0 0 Arrest and/or Incarceration or Psychiatric Hospitalization Events, regardless of whether they were first eventsAnalysis results, which incorporated relevant events collected after discontinuation for those who discontinued, were consistent with the results from the pre-specified analysis of this secondary endpoint.76 (33.6%) 98 (45.0%) 0.70
[0.52, 0.94]Figure 4 - Schizoaffective disorder in adults as monotherapy and as an adjunct to mood stabilizers or antidepressants[see].
14.2 Schizoaffective DisorderMaintenance Treatment – Monotherapy and as Adjunct to Mood Stabilizer or Antidepressant (SAff Study 1: SCA-3004)
The efficacy of INVEGA SUSTENNA in maintaining symptom control in schizoaffective disorder was established in a long-term double-blind, placebo-controlled, flexible-dose randomized-withdrawal study designed to delay relapse in adult subjects who met DSM-IV criteria for schizoaffective disorder, as confirmed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders. The population included subjects with schizoaffective bipolar and depressive types. Subjects received INVEGA SUSTENNA either as monotherapy or as an adjunct to stable doses of antidepressant or mood stabilizers.
This study included a 13-week, open-label, flexible-dose (INVEGA SUSTENNA 78 mg, 117 mg, 156 mg, or 234 mg) lead-in period which enrolled a total of 667 subjects who had 1) acute exacerbation of psychotic symptoms; 2) score ≥4 on ≥3 PANSS items of delusions, conceptual disorganization, hallucinatory behavior, excitement, suspiciousness/persecution, hostility, uncooperativeness, tension, and poor impulse control; and 3) prominent mood symptoms ≥16 on the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and/or the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, 21-item version (HAM-D-21). Subjects were 19 to 66 years old (mean 39.5 years) and 53.5% were male. The mean scores at open-label enrollment of PANSS total was 85.8 (range 42 to 128), HAM-D-21 was 20.4 (range 3 to 43), YMRS was 18.6 (range 0 to 50), and CGI-S-SCA was 4.4 (range 2 to 6).
After the 13-week open-label flexible-dose INVEGA SUSTENNA treatment, 432 subjects met stabilization criteria (PANSS total score ≤70, YMRS ≤12, and HAM-D-21 ≤12) and continued into the 12-week open-label fixed-dose stabilization period.
A total of 334 subjects who met stabilization criteria for 12 consecutive weeks were randomized (1:1) to continue the same dose of INVEGA SUSTENNA or to placebo in the 15-month, double-blind, maintenance period. For the 164 subjects who were randomized to INVEGA SUSTENNA, dose distribution was 78 mg (4.9%), 117 mg (9.8%), 156 mg (47.0%), and 234 mg (38.4%). The primary efficacy variable was time to relapse. Relapse was defined as the first occurrence of one or more of the following: 1) psychiatric hospitalization; 2) intervention employed to avert hospitalization; 3) clinically significant self-injury, suicidal or homicidal ideation or violent behavior; 4) a score of ≥6 (if the score was ≤4 at randomization) of any of the individual PANSS items: delusions, conceptual disorganization, hallucinatory behavior, excitement, suspiciousness/persecution, hostility, uncooperativeness, or poor impulse control; 5) on two consecutive assessments within 7 days: ≥25% increase (if the score at randomization was >45) or ≥10-point increase (if the score at randomization was ≤45) in total PANSS score; a score of ≥5 (if the score was ≤3 at randomization) of any of the individual PANSS items: delusions, conceptual disorganization, hallucinatory behavior, excitement, suspiciousness/persecution, hostility, uncooperativeness, or poor impulse control; an increase of ≥2 points (if the score was 1 [not ill] to 3 [mildly ill] at randomization) or increase of ≥1 point (if the score was ≥4 [moderately ill or worse] at randomization) in CGI-S-SCA overall score.
There was a statistically significant difference in time to relapse between the treatment groups in favor of INVEGA SUSTENNA. A Kaplan-Meier plot of time to relapse by treatment group is shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5: Kaplan-Meier Plot of Cumulative Proportion of Subjects with Relapse Over Time (SAff Study 1)Table 16 summarizes the number of subjects with relapse in the overall population, by subgroup (monotherapy vs. adjunctive therapy), and by symptom type at the first occurrence of relapse.
Table 16: Summary of Relapse Rates (SAff Study 1). Number (Percent) of Subjects Who Relapsed Placebo
N=170INVEGA SUSTENNA
N=164All Subjects57 (33.5%) 25 (15.2%) Monotherapy subsetN=73
24 (32.9%)N=78
9 (11.5%)Adjunct to Antidepressants or Mood Stabilizer subsetN=97
33 (34.0%)N=86
16 (18.6%)Psychotic Symptoms8 subjects experienced a relapse without psychotic symptoms.53 (31.2%) 21 (12.8%) Mood Symptoms16 subjects experienced a relapse without any mood symptoms.Any Mood Symptoms48 (28.2%) 18 (11.0%) Manic16 (9.4%) 5 (3.0%) Depressive23 (13.5%) 8 (4.9%) Mixed9 (5.3%) 5 (3.0%) Figure 5
- For intramuscular injection only. ( )
2.1 Administration InstructionsEach injection must be administered only by a healthcare professional.
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for foreign matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever product and container permit.
INVEGA SUSTENNA is intended for intramuscular use only. Do not administer by any other route. Avoid inadvertent injection into a blood vessel. Administer the dose in a single injection; do not administer the dose in divided injections. Inject slowly, deep into the deltoid or gluteal muscle.
INVEGA SUSTENNA must be administered using only the needles that are provided in the INVEGA SUSTENNA kit.
The recommended needle size for administration of INVEGA SUSTENNA into the deltoid muscle is determined by the patient's weight:
- For patients weighing less than 90 kg, the 1-inch, 23 gauge needle is recommended.
- For patients weighing 90 kg or more, the 1½-inch, 22 gauge needle is recommended.
Deltoid injections should be alternated between the two deltoid muscles.
The recommended needle size for administration of INVEGA SUSTENNA into the gluteal muscle is the 1½-inch, 22 gauge needle regardless of patient weight.
Administer into the upper-outer quadrant of the gluteal muscle. Gluteal injections should be alternated between the two gluteal muscles.
- Each injection must be administered only by a healthcare professional. ( )
2.1 Administration InstructionsEach injection must be administered only by a healthcare professional.
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for foreign matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever product and container permit.
INVEGA SUSTENNA is intended for intramuscular use only. Do not administer by any other route. Avoid inadvertent injection into a blood vessel. Administer the dose in a single injection; do not administer the dose in divided injections. Inject slowly, deep into the deltoid or gluteal muscle.
INVEGA SUSTENNA must be administered using only the needles that are provided in the INVEGA SUSTENNA kit.
The recommended needle size for administration of INVEGA SUSTENNA into the deltoid muscle is determined by the patient's weight:
- For patients weighing less than 90 kg, the 1-inch, 23 gauge needle is recommended.
- For patients weighing 90 kg or more, the 1½-inch, 22 gauge needle is recommended.
Deltoid injections should be alternated between the two deltoid muscles.
The recommended needle size for administration of INVEGA SUSTENNA into the gluteal muscle is the 1½-inch, 22 gauge needle regardless of patient weight.
Administer into the upper-outer quadrant of the gluteal muscle. Gluteal injections should be alternated between the two gluteal muscles.
- For deltoid injection, use 1-inch 23G needle for patients weighing less than 90 kg or 1½-inch 22G needle for patients weighing 90 kg or more. For gluteal injection, use 1½-inch 22G needle regardless of patient weight. ( )
2.1 Administration InstructionsEach injection must be administered only by a healthcare professional.
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for foreign matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever product and container permit.
INVEGA SUSTENNA is intended for intramuscular use only. Do not administer by any other route. Avoid inadvertent injection into a blood vessel. Administer the dose in a single injection; do not administer the dose in divided injections. Inject slowly, deep into the deltoid or gluteal muscle.
INVEGA SUSTENNA must be administered using only the needles that are provided in the INVEGA SUSTENNA kit.
The recommended needle size for administration of INVEGA SUSTENNA into the deltoid muscle is determined by the patient's weight:
- For patients weighing less than 90 kg, the 1-inch, 23 gauge needle is recommended.
- For patients weighing 90 kg or more, the 1½-inch, 22 gauge needle is recommended.
Deltoid injections should be alternated between the two deltoid muscles.
The recommended needle size for administration of INVEGA SUSTENNA into the gluteal muscle is the 1½-inch, 22 gauge needle regardless of patient weight.
Administer into the upper-outer quadrant of the gluteal muscle. Gluteal injections should be alternated between the two gluteal muscles.
| Indication | Initiation Dosing (deltoid) | Monthly Maintenance Dose Administered 5 weeks after the first injection. (deltoid or gluteal) | Maximum Monthly Dose | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1 | Day 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Schizophrenia ( 2.2 Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective DisorderFor patients who have never taken oral paliperidone or oral or injectable risperidone, it is recommended to establish tolerability with oral paliperidone or oral risperidone prior to initiating treatment with INVEGA SUSTENNA. The recommended dosing of INVEGA SUSTENNA for each approved indication is displayed in Table 1. The recommended initiation of INVEGA SUSTENNA is with a dose of 234 mg on treatment day 1 and 156 mg one week later, both administered in the deltoid muscle. Following the second initiation dose, monthly maintenance doses can be administered in either the deltoid or gluteal muscle.
Adjustment of the maintenance dose may be made monthly. When making dose adjustments, the prolonged-release characteristics of INVEGA SUSTENNA should be considered [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] , as the full effect of the dose adjustment may not be evident for several months. | 234 mg | 156 mg | 39–234 mg The recommended maintenance dose for treatment of schizophrenia is 117 mg. Some patients may benefit from lower or higher maintenance doses within the additional available strengths (39 mg, 78 mg, 156 mg, and 234 mg). | 234 mg | |||||||||||||||||
Schizoaffective disorder ( 2.2 Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective DisorderFor patients who have never taken oral paliperidone or oral or injectable risperidone, it is recommended to establish tolerability with oral paliperidone or oral risperidone prior to initiating treatment with INVEGA SUSTENNA. The recommended dosing of INVEGA SUSTENNA for each approved indication is displayed in Table 1. The recommended initiation of INVEGA SUSTENNA is with a dose of 234 mg on treatment day 1 and 156 mg one week later, both administered in the deltoid muscle. Following the second initiation dose, monthly maintenance doses can be administered in either the deltoid or gluteal muscle.
Adjustment of the maintenance dose may be made monthly. When making dose adjustments, the prolonged-release characteristics of INVEGA SUSTENNA should be considered [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] , as the full effect of the dose adjustment may not be evident for several months. | 234 mg | 156 mg | 78–234 mg Adjust dose based on tolerability and/or efficacy using available strengths. The 39 mg strength was not studied in the long-term schizoaffective disorder study. | 234 mg | |||||||||||||||||
- For patients naïve to oral paliperidone or oral or injectable risperidone, establish tolerability with oral paliperidone or oral risperidone prior to initiating treatment with INVEGA SUSTENNA. ( )
2.2 Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective DisorderFor patients who have never taken oral paliperidone or oral or injectable risperidone, it is recommended to establish tolerability with oral paliperidone or oral risperidone prior to initiating treatment with INVEGA SUSTENNA.
The recommended dosing of INVEGA SUSTENNA for each approved indication is displayed in Table 1. The recommended initiation of INVEGA SUSTENNA is with a dose of 234 mg on treatment day 1 and 156 mg one week later, both administered in the deltoid muscle. Following the second initiation dose, monthly maintenance doses can be administered in either the deltoid or gluteal muscle.
Table 1: Recommended Dosing of INVEGA SUSTENNA for Adults with Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder Indication Initiation Dosing
(deltoid)Monthly Maintenance DoseAdministered 5 weeks after the first injection.
(deltoid or gluteal)Maximum Monthly Dose Day 1 Day 8 Schizophrenia 234 mg 156 mg 39–234 mgThe recommended maintenance dose for treatment of schizophrenia is 117 mg. Some patients may benefit from lower or higher maintenance doses within the additional available strengths (39 mg, 78 mg, 156 mg, and 234 mg). 234 mg Schizoaffective disorder 234 mg 156 mg 78–234 mgAdjust dose based on tolerability and/or efficacy using available strengths. The 39 mg strength was not studied in the long-term schizoaffective disorder study. 234 mg Adjustment of the maintenance dose may be made monthly. When making dose adjustments, the prolonged-release characteristics of INVEGA SUSTENNA should be considered
[see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)], as the full effect of the dose adjustment may not be evident for several months. - Missed Doses: To manage either a missed second initiation dose or a missed monthly maintenance dose, refer to the Full Prescribing Information. ( )
2.3 Missed DosesAvoiding Missed Doses
It is recommended that the second initiation dose of INVEGA SUSTENNA be given one week after the first dose. To avoid a missed dose, patients may be given the second dose 4 days before or after the one-week time point. Similarly, the third and subsequent injections after the initiation regimen are recommended to be given monthly. To avoid a missed monthly dose, patients may be given the injection up to 7 days before or after the monthly time point.
Management of a Missed Second Initiation DoseIf the target date for the second INVEGA SUSTENNA injection (one week ± 4 days) is missed, the recommended reinitiation depends on the length of time which has elapsed since the patient's first injection. In case of a missed second initiation dose follow the dosing instructions provided in Table 2.
Table 2: Management of a Missed Second Initiation Dose TIMING OF MISSED SECOND INITIATION DOSE DOSING Less than 4 weeks since first injectionAdminister the second initiation dose of 156 mg in the deltoid muscle as soon as possible.- It is recommended to administer a third injection of 117 mg in either the deltoid or gluteal muscle 5 weeks after the first injection (regardless of the timing of the second injection).
- Thereafter, resume regular monthly dosing in either the deltoid or gluteal muscle.
4 to 7 weeks since first injectionResume dosing with two injections of 156 mg in the following manner:- Administer a deltoid injection as soon as possible.
- Administer a second deltoid injection 1 week later.
- Thereafter, resume regular monthly dosing in either the deltoid or gluteal muscle.
More than 7 weeks since first injectionRestart dosing with recommended initiation(see Section 2.2, Table 1):- Administer a 234 mg deltoid injection on Day 1.
- Administer a 156 mg deltoid injection 1 week later.
- Thereafter, resume regular monthly dosing in either the deltoid or gluteal muscle.
Management of a Missed Maintenance DoseIn case of a missed maintenance dose follow the dosing instructions provided in Table 3.
Table 3: Management of a Missed Maintenance Dose TIMING OF MISSED MAINTENANCE DOSE DOSING 4 to 6 weeks since last injectionResume regular monthly dosing as soon as possible at the patient's previously stabilized dose, followed by injections at monthly intervals.More than 6 weeks to 6 months since last injectionResume the same dose the patient was previously stabilized on (unless the patient was stabilized on a dose of 234 mg, then the first 2 injections should each be 156 mg) in the following manner:- Administer a deltoid injection as soon as possible.
- Administer a second deltoid injection 1 week later at the same dose.
- Thereafter, resume administering the previously stabilized dose in the deltoid or gluteal muscle 1 month after the second injection.
More than 6 months since last injectionRestart dosing with recommended initiation(see Section 2.2, Table 1):- Administer a 234 mg deltoid injection on Day 1.
- Administer a 156 mg deltoid injection 1 week later.
- Thereafter, resume administering the previously stabilized dose in the deltoid or gluteal muscle 1 month after the second injection.
- Moderate to severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 50 mL/min):INVEGA SUSTENNA is not recommended. ()
2.5 Dosage AdjustmentsPatients with Renal ImpairmentINVEGA SUSTENNA has not been systematically studied in patients with renal impairment
[see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].For patients with mild renal impairment (creatinine clearance ≥ 50 mL/min to < 80 mL/min [Cockcroft-Gault Formula]), initiate INVEGA SUSTENNA with a dose of 156 mg on treatment Day 1 and 117 mg on Day 8, both in the deltoid muscle. Follow with the recommended monthly maintenance dose of 78 mg, administered in either the deltoid or gluteal muscle. Adjust monthly maintenance dose based on tolerability and/or efficacy within the strengths of 39 mg, 78 mg, 117 mg, or 156 mg. The maximum monthly dose is 156 mg for patients with mild renal impairment
[see Use in Specific Populations (8.6)and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].INVEGA SUSTENNA is not recommended in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 50 mL/min)
[see Use in Specific Populations (8.6)and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].Coadministration with Strong CYP3A4/P-glycoprotein (P-gp) InducersAvoid using a strong inducer of CYP3A4 and/or P-gp (e.g., carbamazepine, rifampin, St John's Wort) during the 1-month dosing interval for INVEGA SUSTENNA, if possible. If administering a strong inducer is necessary, consider managing the patient using paliperidone extended release tablets
[see Drug Interactions (7.1)and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. - Mild renal impairment (creatinine clearance ≥ 50 mL/min to < 80 mL/min):Administer 156 mg on treatment Day 1 and 117 mg on Day 8, both in the deltoid muscle. Follow with the recommended monthly maintenance dose of 78 mg, administered in the deltoid or gluteal muscle. Adjust monthly maintenance dose based on tolerability and/or efficacy within the strengths of 39 mg, 78 mg, 117 mg, or 156 mg. The maximum monthly dose is 156 mg for patients with mild renal impairment. ()
2.5 Dosage AdjustmentsPatients with Renal ImpairmentINVEGA SUSTENNA has not been systematically studied in patients with renal impairment
[see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].For patients with mild renal impairment (creatinine clearance ≥ 50 mL/min to < 80 mL/min [Cockcroft-Gault Formula]), initiate INVEGA SUSTENNA with a dose of 156 mg on treatment Day 1 and 117 mg on Day 8, both in the deltoid muscle. Follow with the recommended monthly maintenance dose of 78 mg, administered in either the deltoid or gluteal muscle. Adjust monthly maintenance dose based on tolerability and/or efficacy within the strengths of 39 mg, 78 mg, 117 mg, or 156 mg. The maximum monthly dose is 156 mg for patients with mild renal impairment
[see Use in Specific Populations (8.6)and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].INVEGA SUSTENNA is not recommended in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 50 mL/min)
[see Use in Specific Populations (8.6)and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].Coadministration with Strong CYP3A4/P-glycoprotein (P-gp) InducersAvoid using a strong inducer of CYP3A4 and/or P-gp (e.g., carbamazepine, rifampin, St John's Wort) during the 1-month dosing interval for INVEGA SUSTENNA, if possible. If administering a strong inducer is necessary, consider managing the patient using paliperidone extended release tablets
[see Drug Interactions (7.1)and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
INVEGA SUSTENNA is available as a white to off-white aqueous extended-release injectable suspension for intramuscular injection in dose strengths of 39 mg/0.25 mL, 78 mg/0.5 mL, 117 mg/0.75 mL, 156 mg/mL, and 234 mg/1.5 mL paliperidone palmitate in single-dose prefilled syringes.
8.1 PregnancyPregnancy Exposure Registry
There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to atypical antipsychotics, including INVEGA SUSTENNA, during pregnancy. Healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by contacting the National Pregnancy Registry for Atypical Antipsychotics at 1-866-961-2388 or online at
Risk Summary
Neonates exposed to antipsychotic drugs during the third trimester of pregnancy are at risk for extrapyramidal and/or withdrawal symptoms following delivery
The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defects, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2–4% and 15–20%, respectively.
In animal reproduction studies, there were no treatment related effects on the offspring when pregnant rats were injected intramuscularly with paliperidone palmitate during the period of organogenesis at doses up to 10 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 234 mg paliperidone based on mg/m2body surface area. There were no increases in fetal abnormalities when pregnant rats and rabbits were treated orally with paliperidone during the period of organogenesis with up to 8 times the MRHD of 12 mg of paliperidone based on mg/m2body surface area. Additional reproduction toxicity studies were conducted with orally administered risperidone, which is extensively converted to paliperidone (see Animal data).
Clinical Considerations
There is a risk to the mother from untreated schizophrenia, including increased risk of relapse, hospitalization, and suicide. Schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder are associated with increased adverse perinatal outcomes, including preterm birth. It is not known if this is a direct result of the illness or other comorbid factors.
Extrapyramidal and/or withdrawal symptoms, including agitation, hypertonia, hypotonia, tremor, somnolence, respiratory distress, and feeding disorder have been reported in neonates who were exposed to antipsychotic drugs, including INVEGA SUSTENNA, during the third trimester of pregnancy. These symptoms have varied in severity. Monitor neonates exhibiting extrapyramidal and/or withdrawal symptoms and manage symptoms appropriately. Some neonates recovered within hours or days without specific treatment; others required prolonged hospitalization.
Data
Published data from observational studies, birth registries, and case reports on the use of atypical antipsychotics during pregnancy do not report a clear association with antipsychotics and major birth defects. A prospective observational study including 6 women treated with risperidone, the parent compound of paliperidone, demonstrated placental passage of risperidone and paliperidone. A retrospective cohort study from a Medicaid database of 9258 women exposed to antipsychotics during pregnancy did not indicate an overall increased risk for major birth defects. There was a small increase in the risk of major birth defects (RR= 1.26, 95% CI 1.02–1.56) and of cardiac malformations (RR=1.26, 95% CI 0.88–1.81) in a subgroup of 1566 women exposed to the parent compound of paliperidone, risperidone, during the first trimester of pregnancy; however, there is no mechanism of action to explain the difference in malformation rates.
There were no treatment-related effects on the offspring when pregnant rats were injected intramuscularly with paliperidone palmitate extended-release injectable suspension during the period of organogenesis at doses up to 250 mg/kg, which is 10 times MRHD of 234 mg paliperidone based on mg/m2body surface area.
In animal reproduction studies, there were no increases in fetal abnormalities when pregnant rats and rabbits were treated orally with paliperidone during the period of organogenesis with up to 8 times the MRHD of 12 mg based on mg/m2body surface area.
Additional reproduction toxicity studies were conducted with orally administered risperidone, which is extensively converted to paliperidone. Cleft palate was observed in the offspring of pregnant mice treated with risperidone at 3 to 4 times the MRHD of 16 mg based on mg/m2body surface area; maternal toxicity occurred at 4 times the MHRD. There was no evidence of teratogenicity in embryo-fetal developmental toxicity studies with risperidone in rats and rabbits at doses up to 6 times the MRHD of 16 mg/day risperidone based on mg/m2body surface area. When the offspring of pregnant rats, treated with risperidone at 0.6 times the MRHD based on mg/m2body surface area, reached adulthood, learning was impaired. Increased neuronal cell death occurred in the fetal brains of the offspring of pregnant rats treated at 0.5 to 1.2 times the MRHD; the postnatal development and growth of the offspring was delayed.
In rat reproduction studies with risperidone, pup deaths occurred at oral doses which are less than the MRHD of risperidone based on mg/m2body surface area; it is not known whether these deaths were due to a direct effect on the fetuses or pups or, to effects on the dams (see RISPERDAL package insert).