Mircera

Anemia Due to Chronic Kidney Disease

Mircera is indicated for the treatment of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in:

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adult patients on dialysis and adult patients not on dialysis.

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pediatric patients 3 months to 17 years of age on dialysis or not on dialysis who are converting from another ESA after their hemoglobin level was stabilized with an ESA.

Limitations of Use

Mircera is not indicated and is not recommended:

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In the treatment of anemia due to cancer chemotherapy [see Warnings and Precautions ].

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As a substitute for RBC transfusions in patients who require immediate correction of anemia [see Clinical Pharmacology ].

Mircera has not been shown to improve symptoms, physical functioning, or health-related quality of life.

Important Dosing Information

Evaluation of Iron Stores and Nutritional Factors

Evaluate the iron status in all patients before and during treatment. Administer supplemental iron therapy when serum ferritin is less than 100 mcg/L or when serum transferrin saturation is less than 20%. The majority of patients with CKD will require supplemental iron during the course of ESA therapy.

Monitoring of Response to Therapy

Correct or exclude other causes of anemia (e.g., vitamin deficiency, metabolic or chronic inflammatory conditions, bleeding, etc.) before initiating Mircera [see Warnings and Precautions ]. Following initiation of therapy and after each dose adjustment, monitor hemoglobin weekly until the hemoglobin level is stable and sufficient to minimize the need for RBC transfusion.

Individualization of Dosing

Individualize and use the lowest dose of Mircera sufficient to reduce the need for RBC transfusions [see Warnings and Precautions ]. In controlled trials, patients experienced greater risks for death, serious adverse cardiovascular reactions, and stroke when administered erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) to target a hemoglobin level of greater than 11 g/dL for adult patients. No trial has identified a hemoglobin target level, ESA dose, or dosing strategy that does not increase these risks. Physicians and patients should weigh the possible benefits of decreasing transfusions against the increased risks of death and other serious cardiovascular adverse events [see Boxed Warning and Clinical Studies ].

For Adult Patients with CKD

Prefilled syringes are not designed for administration of partial doses. Round doses to the closest dose achievable with the prefilled syringes.

When initiating or adjusting therapy, monitor hemoglobin levels at least weekly until stable, then monitor at least monthly. When adjusting therapy consider hemoglobin rate of rise, rate of decline, ESA responsiveness and hemoglobin variability. A single hemoglobin excursion may not require a dosing change.

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Do not increase the dose more frequently than once every 4 weeks. Decreases in dose can occur more frequently. Avoid frequent dose adjustments.

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If the hemoglobin rises rapidly (e.g., more than 1 g/dL in any 2-week period), reduce the dose of Mircera by approximately 25% to the closest dose achievable with the prefilled syringes to reduce rapid responses.

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If the hemoglobin continues to rise following a dose reduction, discontinue Mircera until the hemoglobin level begins to decrease, at which point therapy should be restarted with a dose that is approximately 25% below the previously administered dose.

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For patients who do not respond adequately, if the hemoglobin has not increased by more than 1 g/dL after 4 weeks of therapy, increase the dose by approximately 25% to the closest dose achievable with the prefilled syringes.

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For patients who do not respond adequately over a 12-week escalation period, increasing the Mircera dose further is unlikely to improve response and may increase risks. Use the lowest dose that will maintain a hemoglobin level sufficient to reduce the need for RBC transfusions. Evaluate other causes of anemia. Discontinue Mircera if responsiveness does not improve.

Administer Mircera either intravenously or subcutaneously. When administered subcutaneously, Mircera should be injected in the abdomen, arm or thigh.

For Adult Patients with CKD on dialysis:

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Initiate Mircera treatment when the hemoglobin level is less than 10 g/dL.

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If the hemoglobin level approaches or exceeds 11 g/dL, reduce or interrupt the dose of Mircera.

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The recommended starting dose of Mircera for the treatment of anemia in adult CKD patients who are not currently treated with an ESA is 0.6 mcg/kg body weight administered once every two weeks as a single intravenous or subcutaneous injection. The intravenous route is recommended for patients receiving hemodialysis because the intravenous route may be less immunogenic [see Adverse Reactions ].

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Once the hemoglobin has been stabilized, Mircera may be administered once monthly using a dose that is twice that of the every-two-week dose and subsequently titrated as necessary.

For Adult Patients with CKD not on dialysis:

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Consider initiating Mircera treatment only when the hemoglobin level is less than 10 g/dL and the following considerations apply:

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The rate of hemoglobin decline indicates the likelihood of requiring a RBC transfusion and,

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Reducing the risk of alloimmunization and/or other RBC transfusion-related risks is a goal.

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If the hemoglobin level exceeds 10 g/dL, reduce or interrupt the dose of Mircera, and use the lowest dose of Mircera sufficient to reduce the need for RBC transfusions.

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The recommended starting dose of Mircera for the treatment of anemia in adult CKD patients who are not currently treated with an ESA is 1.2 mcg/kg body weight administered once every month as a single subcutaneous injection. Alternatively, a starting dose of 0.6 mcg/kg body weight may be administered once every two weeks as a single intravenous or subcutaneous injection.

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Once the hemoglobin has been stabilized, Mircera may be administered once monthly using a dose that is twice that of the every-two-week dose and subsequently titrated as necessary.

Refer patients who self-administer Mircera to the Instructions for Use [see Patient Counseling Information ].

Conversion from Epoetin alfa or Darbepoetin alfa to Mircera in Adult Patients with CKD

Mircera can be administered once every two weeks or once monthly to patients whose hemoglobin has been stabilized by treatment with an ESA (see Table 1). The dose of Mircera, given as a single intravenous or subcutaneous injection, should be based on the total weekly ESA dose at the time of conversion.

Table1: Mircera Starting Doses for Adult Patients Currently Receiving an ESA

For Pediatric Patients with CKD

Conversion from Epoetin alfa or Darbepoetin alfa to Mircera in Pediatric Patients with CKD

Pre-filled syringes are not designed for administration of partial doses. Pediatric patients requiring a dose of less than 30 mcg of Mircera should not be treated with Mircera.

In patients less than 6 years of age, maintain the same route of administration as the previous ESA when switching from another ESA to Mircera.

Administer Mircera once every 4 weeks as an intravenous or subcutaneous injection to pediatric patients (ages 3 months to 17 years) whose hemoglobin level has been stabilized by treatment with an ESA. The starting dose of Mircera is calculated based on the total weekly ESA dose at the time of conversion. Refer to Table 2 for the dose of Mircera corresponding to the available commercial prefilled syringe strengths.

Table 2: Mircera Starting Doses for Pediatric Patients Currently Receiving an ESA

In patients <less than 6 years of age, maintain the same route of administration as the previous ESA when switching from another ESA to Mircera.

If a dose adjustment is required to maintain the hemoglobin concentration above 10 g/dl and within the target range, refer to Table 3 for the Mircera dose adjustment based on hemoglobin response. Dose adjustments should not be made more often than once every 4 weeks.

Table 3: Mircera Dose Adjustments for Pediatric Patients

Preparation and Administration of Mircera

Mircera is packaged as single-dose prefilled syringes. Mircera contains no preservatives. Discard any unused portion. Do not pool unused portions from the prefilled syringes. Do not use the prefilled syringe more than once.

Always store Mircera prefilled syringes in their original cartons. Vigorous shaking or prolonged exposure to light should be avoided.

Do not mix Mircera with any parenteral solution.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration. Do not use any prefilled syringes exhibiting particulate matter or a coloration other than colorless to slightly yellowish.

For administration using the prefilled syringe, the plunger must be fully depressed during injection in order for the needle guard to activate. Following administration, remove the needle from the injection site and then release the plunger to allow the needle guard to move up until the entire needle is covered.

Children and adolescents less than 17 years of age should not self-inject Mircera. Intravenous and subcutaneous administration should be performed by a healthcare professional or adult caregiver.

See “Instructions for Use” for complete instructions on the preparation and administration of Mircera. Examine each prefilled syringe for the expiration date. Do not use Mircera after the expiration date.

Pregnancy

Lactation

Risk Summary

There are no data on the presence of methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta in human milk, the effects on the breastfed child, or the effects on milk production. However, endogenous erythropoietin is present in human milk. In rats, methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta was present in maternal milk (see Data). When a drug is present in animal milk, it is likely that the drug will be present in human milk. The lack of clinical data during lactation precludes a clear determination of the risk of Mircera to a child during lactation. Therefore, the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for Mircera and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from Mircera or from the underlying maternal condition.

Data

A dose of methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta approximately 3-fold greater than the recommended human dose was administered to lactating rats. Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta was detected in maternal milk 4 hours postdose and reached maximum concentration 48 hours postdose. The maximum amount of methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta in milk was about 10-fold lower than in serum. The concentration of drug in animal milk does not necessarily predict the concentration of drug in human milk.

Pediatric Use

The safety and effectiveness of intravenous and subcutaneous Mircera for the treatment of anemia due to CKD have been established in pediatric patients 3 months to 17 years of age on dialysis and not on dialysis who are converting from another ESA after their hemoglobin level was stabilized with an ESA. The use of Mircera in this pediatric age group is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies of Mircera in adults, a dose-finding study in 64 pediatric patients 5 to 17 years of age with CKD on hemodialysis and a subcutaneous dose-finding study in 40 patients 3 months to 17 years of age with CKD on dialysis or not on dialysis. The adverse reaction profile observed in pediatric patients was consistent with the safety profile found in adults. The safety and effectiveness of Mircera have not been established in patients less than 3 months of age [see Adverse Reactions and Clinical Studies ].

The safety and effectiveness of Mircera have not been established for treatment of anemia in pediatric patients whose hemoglobin level has not been previously stabilized by treatment with an ESA.

Geriatric Use

Clinical studies of Mircera did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.