Revcovi

Recommended Dosage

Administration Instructions

REVCOVI is for IM injection only. Follow sterile IM administration technique guidelines appropriate to the patient's age and anatomy (i.e. choice of needle gauge and length, site of administration). Take precautions not to inject into or near an artery or nerve. Alternate the injection site periodically.

Preparation of Injection and Procedure Instructions

• REVCOVI should not be diluted nor mixed with any other drug prior to administration.
• Visually inspect REVCOVI for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration. REVCOVI is a clear, colorless solution; discard if solution is discolored, cloudy or contains particulate matter.
• Do not freeze or shake. REVCOVI should not be used if there are any indications that it may have been frozen. Once removed from refrigeration, allow REVCOVI to equilibrate to room temperature for 30 minutes.
• REVCOVI is to be administered using polypropylene syringes. Draw the solution from the vial with a 25- gauge needle or larger.
• Change the needle to a size and gauge appropriate for the patient's intramuscular administration.
• REVCOVI should be administered immediately after syringe preparation.
• Any remaining medication in the vial must be discarded immediately.

Therapeutic Monitoring Schedule

The treatment of ADA-SCID with REVCOVI should be monitored by measuring trough plasma ADA activity, trough dAXP levels, and/or total lymphocyte counts. Monitoring should be more frequent if therapy was interrupted or if an enhanced rate of clearance of plasma ADA activity develops.

Collect blood samples for the analysis of trough plasma ADA activity and trough dAXP level prior to the first administration of REVCOVI for the week.

ADA Activity

Once treatment with REVCOVI has been initiated, a target trough plasma ADA activity should be at least 30 mmol/hr/L. In order to determine an effective dose of REVCOVI, trough plasma ADA activity (pre-injection) should be determined every 2 weeks for Adagen-naïve patients and every 4 weeks for patients previously receiving Adagen therapy, during the first 8 - 12 weeks of treatment, and every 3 - 6 months thereafter.

A decrease of ADA activity below this level suggests noncompliance to treatment or a development of antibodies (anti-drug, anti-PEG, and neutralizing antibodies). Antibodies to REVCOVI should be suspected if a persistent fall in pre-injection levels of trough plasma ADA activity below 15 mmol/hr/L occurs. In such patients, testing for antibodies to REVCOVI should be performed.

If a persistent decline in trough plasma ADA activity occurs, immune function and clinical status should be monitored closely and precautions should be taken to minimize the risk of infection. If antibodies to REVCOVI are found to be the cause of a persistent fall in trough plasma ADA activity, then adjustment in the dosage of REVCOVI and other measures may be taken to induce tolerance and restore adequate ADA activity.

Erythrocyte dAXP

Two months after starting REVCOVI treatment, trough erythrocyte dAXP levels should be maintained below 0.02 mmol/L, and monitored at least twice a year.

Immune Function

The degree of immune function may vary from patient to patient. Each patient will require appropriate monitoring consistent with immunologic status. Total and subset lymphocytes should be monitored periodically as follows:

• Adagen-naïve patients: every 4 – 8 weeks for up to 1 year, and every 3 – 6 months thereafter
• Other patients: every 3 - 6 months

Immune function, including the ability to produce antibodies, generally improves after 2 - 6 months of therapy, and matures over a longer period. In general, there is a lag between the correction of the metabolic abnormalities and improved immune function. Improvement in the general clinical status of the patient may be gradual (as evidenced by improvement in various clinical parameters) but should be apparent by the end of the first year of therapy.

Pregnancy

Lactation

Pediatric Use

The safety and efficacy of REVCOVI have been established in pediatric patients [see Clinical Studies ].

Geriatric Use

REVCOVI was not studied in patients 65 years and older.

Injection Site Bleeding in Patients with Thrombocytopenia

Since REVCOVI is administered by IM injection, it should be used with caution in patients with thrombocytopenia and should not be used if thrombocytopenia is severe.

Delay in Improvement of Immune Function

Maintain precautions to protect immune deficient patients from infections until improvement in immune function has been achieved. The timing and degree of improvement in immune function may vary from patient to patient.

Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

REVCOVI was administered intramuscularly in two prospective, open-label, single-arm, multi‑center studies to evaluate efficacy, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics in patients with ADA-SCID: Study 1 was performed in the US and Study 2 was performed in Japan [see Clinical Studies ]. Overall, 10 patients were treated and adverse reactions reported are summarized below.

Study 1

Study 1 is a one-way crossover study, conducted in the US, to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of REVCOVI in patients with ADA‑SCID who were receiving therapy with Adagen. Six patients, 8 to 37 years of age enrolled in the study. Patients' exposure to REVCOVI ranged from 2 weeks to 146 weeks. No deaths were reported and one patient discontinued treatment due to injection site pain associated with an earlier drug product formulation that was consequently modified.

The most common adverse reactions were cough (3/6 patients) and vomiting (2/6 patients). Other adverse reactions that were reported in one patient each were: abdominal pain upper, arthralgia, asthenia, cerumen impaction, conjunctivitis, convulsion, dental caries, diarrhea, ear canal irritation, ear lobe infection, epistaxis, fatigue, fungal skin infection, gait disturbance, gastrointestinal infection, groin abscess, hematochezia, haemophilus infection (pulmonary), hemoptysis, influenza, injection site discomfort, laceration, lymphadenopathy, migraine, nasal edema, nausea, nephrolithiasis, oral candidiasis, oropharyngeal pain, otitis externa, productive cough, rash, stoma site infection, swelling face, tooth abscess, tooth extraction and upper respiratory tract infection, regardless of investigator causality assessment.

Study 2

Study 2 is a single-arm clinical study that was conducted to assess the safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of REVCOVI in patients with ADA-SCID. Four patients 3.4 months to 25 years of age, all Asian, were enrolled in the study and received REVCOVI. Three patients received REVCOVI for 21 weeks and one patient received REVCOVI for 15 weeks. One death due to CMV pneumonitis and respiratory failure was observed in an infant, who had also experienced pulmonary hemorrhage, respiratory failure and upper respiratory tract infection that represented serious adverse events. Neutropenia was a serious adverse reaction reported by one of the patients. There were 22 reported adverse events for four patients. Most common adverse events were respiratory infections (2/4 patients).

Immunogenicity

As with all therapeutic proteins, there is potential for immunogenicity. The immunogenicity results from Study 1 and Study 2 suggest that patients who previously received Adagen may present an immunologic response to REVCOVI. Therefore, monitoring for changes in ADA levels during REVCOVI treatment is recommended. [see Dosage and Administration ]

The observed incidence of antibodies (including neutralizing antibodies) is dependent on assay sensitivity and specificity, assay methodology, and concomitant medications. Therefore, the comparison of the incidence of antibodies to REVCOVI with the incidence of antibodies to other products may be misleading.

Postmarketing Experience with ADAGEN

The following postmarketing adverse reactions were voluntarily reported for Adagen, the same class of enzyme replacement therapy used in the treatment of ADA-SCID, and may also be seen with REVCOVI treatment:

• Hematologic: hemolytic anemia, auto-immune hemolytic anemia, thrombocythemia, thrombocytopenia and autoimmune thrombocytopenia
• Dermatological: injection site erythema, urticaria
• Lymphomas

Since these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Mechanism of Action

SCID associated with a deficiency of ADA enzyme is a rare, inherited, and often fatal disease. ADA enzyme is involved in purine metabolism, catalyzing the irreversible hydrolytic deamination of adenosine or deoxyadenosine to inosine or deoxyinosine, respectively, as well as several naturally occurring methylated adenosine compounds. Maintaining a low level of 2'-deoxyadenosine and adenosine is crucial for proper number and function of immune cells as well as decreasing the frequency of opportunistic infections. Elevated adenosine levels, as occurring in ADA deficiency, contribute to apoptosis and a block in the differentiation of thymocytes, causing severe T‑lymphopenia.

Elapegademase-lvlr provides an exogenous source of ADA enzyme that is associated with a decrease in toxic adenosine and deoxyadenosine nucleotides levels as well as an increase in lymphocyte number [see Clinical Studies ].

Pharmacodynamics

The effect of REVCOVI on the QT interval is not known.

Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetics (PK) of REVCOVI were evaluated based on steady state plasma ADA activity in six patients with ADA-SCID (five adults and one pediatric) from two studies (Study 1 and Study 2) who received weekly IM injections at doses ranging from 4.99 to 19.6 mg [see Clinical Studies ]. The PK results are summarized in Table 1.

In Study 1, steady state ADA activity levels were reached following seven consecutive once weekly IM doses of REVCOVI. In addition, dAXP activity levels in all patients at the majority of all sampling timepoints in Study 1 were less than 0.02 mmol/L.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Long-term studies in animals to evaluate carcinogenic potential or studies to evaluate mutagenic potential and impairment of fertility have not been performed with REVCOVI.

Study 1

Study 1, conducted in the US (NCT 01420627), is an ongoing Phase 3, open-label, multicenter, single-arm, one-way crossover study of REVCOVI. The purpose of this clinical study is to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and PK of REVCOVI in 6 patients with ADA-SCID, 4 males and 2 females, who are receiving therapy with Adagen. The study treatment consists of three phases: Adagen Lead-in Phase (minimum of 3 weeks), the REVCOVI Treatment Phase (weeks 1 through 21), and followed by the REVCOVI Maintenance Phase. Six patients treated in the study were 8 to 37 years of age at the start of the study. The starting weekly dose of REVCOVI was calculated based on the last Adagen dose received in the study. Weekly REVCOVI doses ranged from 0.188 mg/kg to 0.292 mg/kg [see Dosage and Administration ].

The efficacy endpoints assessed were as follows:

• Trough dAXP Level (metabolic detoxification was defined as a trough erythrocyte dAXP concentration equal to or below 0.02 mmol/L)
• Trough plasma ADA activity (adequate trough plasma ADA activity is defined as trough plasma ADA activity equal to or above 15 mmol/hr/L)
• Immune status (lymphocyte and B-, T-, and NK-lymphocyte subset counts as well as quantitative immunoglobulin [Ig] concentration [IgG, IgA, IgM])

A PK assessment was performed during Week 9 of the REVCOVI Treatment phase [see Clinical Pharmacology ].

Five of six patients reached the 21-week endpoint of the Treatment Phase, and three of six patients received treatment with REVCOVI (elapegademase-lvlr) for over 135 weeks. These patients (except for one value in a patient at Treatment Week 47) had erythrocyte dAXP concentration equal to or below 0.02 mmol/L. These patients had trough plasma ADA activity equal to or above 15 mmol/hr/L at 88/89 timepoints and maintained metabolic detoxification for at least 2 years under REVCOVI treatment. Patients achieved trough plasma ADA activity above 30 mmol/hr/L by week 5, except for one patient who achieved this level at week 1. The mean trough plasma ADA activity for patients receiving REVCOVI at a normalized dose of 0.2 mg/kg/week were 34.3 ± 6.6 mmol/hr/L. The same patients had a mean trough plasma ADA activity of 14.2 ± 5.1 mmol/hr/L when treated with Adagen at a normalized dose of 30 U/kg/week during the Lead-in Phase of the study.

Lymphocyte and subset counts during REVCOVI treatment increased above levels observed during the Adagen Lead-in Phase (i.e., PK day 1 or before the start of REVCOVI treatment): maximum increases of approximately 3-fold at Weeks 60-73 for one patient, maximum increases of approximately 2- to 3-fold at Weeks 73-99 for one patient and approximately 1.5- to 3-fold for the third patient at several timepoints. For these three patients who completed the primary endpoint (21 weeks of treatment) and received REVCOVI for over 135 weeks, a positive trend between high trough plasma ADA activity and increased total lymphocyte counts was observed.

Observations for the other three patients in the study, indicate that these patients also achieved complete detoxification based on trough dAXP level and trough plasma ADA activity, and show stable or slightly increased lymphocyte counts during REVCOVI treatment relative to values recorded during the Adagen Lead-in Phase.

Study 2

Study 2, conducted in Japan, is a single-arm clinical study that assessed the safety, efficacy and PK of REVCOVI in patients with ADA-SCID. The study includes two phases: 1) Evaluation, consisting of a Dose Adjustment Period (5 weeks) and a Dose Maintenance Period (16 weeks); and 2) Continuous Administration (Extension) Phase, to be continued until the end of the study.

A total of four patients were enrolled in the study: two males (age 25 years and 3.4 months) and two females (age 16 years and 4.3 months). Two patients, who were on Adagen treatment within 4 weeks before entering the study, received a first dose of REVCOVI that was calculated to be equivalent to the last Adagen dose received. One patient, who did not receive Adagen within four weeks prior to entering the study, was given the first dose of REVCOVI at 0.1 mg/kg body weight, followed by second and third doses at 0.133 mg/kg body weight and weekly thereafter. Over the dose adjustment phase of the study, the dose was titrated to meet criteria for dAXP level (equal to or below 0.02 mmol/L) and adequate trough ADA activity (equal to or above 15 mmol/hr/L). These three patients received REVCOVI for at least 21 weeks (having completed the 5-week Dosage Adjustment Period and the 16-week Maintenance Period) before entering the Extension Phase. The fourth patient (newly diagnosed Adagen-naïve patient with CMV pneumonia [see Adverse Reactions ]) was dosed with REVCOVI at 0.4 mg/kg weekly (divided into two IM administrations) for 16 weeks.

All four of the patients in Study 2 achieved and maintained detoxification (trough dAXP [erythrocyte or blood] ≤0.02 mmol/L) throughout their participation in the Treatment Phase of 21 weeks (Dose Adjustment and Dose Maintenance). Serum ADA activity increased after administering REVCOVI for all four patients, with three patients achieving activity level over 15 mmol/hr/L during the Dose Maintenance Period. Total lymphocyte counts and B-/T-/NK-lymphocyte subset counts for three patients increased from screening to Day 15 during dose adjustment and were stable or increasing during the Maintenance Period.