Get your patient on Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate, Magnesium Sulfate - Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate, Magnesium Sulfate solution (Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate, Magnesium Sulfate)

Teratogenic effects: Pregnancy Category C. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution. It is also not known whether Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution is administered to a nursing woman.

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

Of the 375 patients who received Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution in clinical trials, 94 (25%) were 65 years of age or older, and 25 (7%) were 75 years of age or older. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness of Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution administered as a split-dose (2-day) regimen were observed between geriatric patients and younger patients. Geriatric patients reported more vomiting when Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution was given as a one-day preparation.

Advise all patients to hydrate adequately before, during, and after the use of Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution. If a patient develops significant vomiting or signs of dehydration after taking Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution, consider performing post-colonoscopy lab tests (electrolytes, creatinine, and BUN). Fluid and electrolyte disturbances can lead to serious adverse events including cardiac arrhythmias, seizures and renal impairment.

Patients with electrolyte abnormalities should have them corrected before treatment with Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution. In addition, use caution when prescribing Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution for patients with conditions, or who are using medications, that increase the risk for fluid and electrolyte disturbances or may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and renal impairment. [See Drug Interactions (7.1)]

Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution can cause temporary elevations in uric acid. [See Adverse Reactions (6.1) ]. Uric acid fluctuations in patients with gout may precipitate an acute flare. The potential for uric acid elevation should be considered before administering Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution to patients with gout or other disorders of uric acid metabolism.

There have been rare reports of serious arrhythmias associated with the use of ionic osmotic laxative products for bowel preparation. Use caution when prescribing Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution for patients at increased risk of arrhythmias (e.g., patients with a history of prolonged QT, uncontrolled arrhythmias, recent myocardial infarction, unstable angina, congestive heart failure, or cardiomyopathy). Pre-dose and post-colonoscopy ECGs should be considered in patients at increased risk of serious cardiac arrhythmias.

There have been reports of generalized tonic-clonic seizures and/or loss of consciousness associated with use of bowel preparation products in patients with no prior history of seizures. The seizure cases were associated with electrolyte abnormalities (e.g., hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, and hypomagnesemia) and low serum osmolality. The neurologic abnormalities resolved with correction of fluid and electrolyte abnormalities.

Use caution when prescribing Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution for patients with a history of seizures and in patients at increased risk of seizure, such as patients taking medications that lower the seizure threshold (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants), patients withdrawing from alcohol or benzodiazepines, or patients with known or suspected hyponatremia.

Use caution when prescribing Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution for patients with impaired renal function or patients taking concomitant medications that may affect renal function (such as diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Advise these patients of the importance of adequate hydration, and consider performing baseline and post-colonoscopy laboratory tests (electrolytes, creatinine, and BUN) in these patients.

Administration of osmotic laxative products may produce colonic mucosal aphthous ulcerations, and there have been reports of more serious cases of ischemic colitis requiring hospitalization. Concurrent use of stimulant laxatives and Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution may increase these risks. The potential for mucosal ulcerations resulting from the bowel preparation should be considered when interpreting colonoscopy findings in patients with known or suspect inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

If gastrointestinal obstruction or perforation is suspected, perform appropriate diagnostic studies to rule out these conditions before administering Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution.

Use with caution in patients with severe active ulcerative colitis.

Use with caution in patients with impaired gag reflex and patients prone to regurgitation or aspiration. Such patients should be observed during administration of Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution.

Each bottle must be diluted with water to a final volume of 16 ounces and ingestion of additional water as recommended is important to patient tolerance. Direct ingestion of the undiluted solution may increase the risk of nausea, vomiting, dehydration, and electrolyte disturbances.

Because clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical studies of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in clinical studies of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

In a multicenter, controlled clinical trial comparing Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution with a bowel prep containing polyethylene glycol and electrolytes (PEG + E) that were administered in a split-dose (2-day) regimen, the most common adverse reactions after administration of Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution were overall discomfort, abdominal distention, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and headache; see Table 1, below. Less common Adverse Reactions occurring were AV Block (1 case) and CK increase. In this study, patients receiving Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium

Sulfate Oral Solution were limited to a light breakfast followed by clear liquids; patients receiving the PEG + E bowel prep were allowed to have a normal breakfast and a light lunch, followed by clear liquids.

Table 2 shows the percentages of patients who developed new abnormalities of important electrolytes and uric acid after completing the bowel preparation with either Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution or PEG+E administered as a split-dose (2-day) regimen.

•Percent (n/N) of patients where N=number of patients with normal baseline who had abnormal values at the timepoint(s) of interest.

†Patients with normal bicarbonate at baseline who developed low bicarbonate (≤ 21 mEq/L) and high anion gap (≥ 13 mEq/L) on Day of Colonoscopy or Day 30.

There were also 408 patients who participated in a study in which either Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution or PEG+E were administered in an evening-only (1-day) regimen. Higher rates of overall discomfort, abdominal distention, and nausea were observed with the evening-only (1-day) regimen compared to the split-dose (2-day) regimen for both preparations. Patients treated with Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution had increased rates of vomiting with the evening-only (1-day) regimen. An evening-only (1-day) dosing

regimen was associated with higher rates of abnormal values for some electrolytes when compared to the split-dose (2-day) regimen for both preparations. For Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution, the evening-only (1-day) regimen was associated with higher rates of total bilirubin (high), BUN (high), creatinine (high), osmolality (high), potassium (high) and uric acid (high) than the Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution split dose (2-day) regimen. Administration of Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution in an evening-only (1-day) dosing regimen is not recommended.

Use caution when prescribing Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution for patients with conditions, or who are using medications, that increase the risk for fluid and electrolyte disturbances or may increase the risk of adverse events of seizure, arrhythmias, and prolonged QT in the setting of fluid and electrolyte abnormalities. Consider additional patient evaluations as appropriate [see Warnings (5) ] in patients taking these concomitant medications.

Oral medication administered within one hour of the start of each Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution dose may be flushed from the gastrointestinal tract, and the medication may not be absorbed properly.

Sulfate salts provide sulfate anions, which are poorly absorbed. The osmotic effect of unabsorbed sulfate anions and the associated cations causes water to be retained within the gastrointestinal tract.

The osmotic effect of the unabsorbed ions, when ingested with a large volume of water, produces a copious watery diarrhea.

Fecal excretion was the primary route of sulfate elimination. After administration of Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution in six healthy volunteers, the time at which serum sulfate reached its highest point (Tmax) was approximately 17 hours after the first half dose or approximately 5 hours after the second dose, and then declined with a half-life of 8.5 hours.

The disposition of sulfate after Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution was also studied in patients (N=6) with mild-moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh grades A and B) and in patients (N=6) with moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance of 30 to 49 mL/min). The renal impairment group had the highest serum sulfate AUC and C _max , followed by the hepatic impairment group, and then by healthy subjects. Systemic exposure of serum sulfate (AUC and C _max ) was similar between healthy subjects and hepatic impairment patients. Renal impairment resulted in 54% higher mean AUC and 44% higher mean C _max than healthy subjects. The mean sulfate levels of all three groups returned to their respective baseline levels by Day 6 after dose initiation. Urinary excretion of sulfate over 30 hours, starting after the first half dose, was similar between hepatic patients and normal volunteers, but was approximately 16% lower in moderate renal impairment patients than in healthy volunteers.

Long-term studies in animals have not been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution. Studies to evaluate the possible impairment of fertility or mutagenic potential of Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution have not been performed.

The sulfate salts of sodium, potassium, and magnesium contained in Sodium Sulfate, Potassium Sulfate and Magnesium Sulfate Oral Solution were administered orally (gavage) to rats and dogs up to 28 days up to a maximum daily dose of 5 grams/kg/day (approximately 0.9 and 3 times for rats and dogs, respectively, the recommended human dose of 44 grams/day or 0.89 grams/kg based on the body surface area). In rats, the sulfate salts caused diarrhea and electrolyte and metabolic changes, including hypochloremia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, lower serum osmolality, and high serum bicarbonate. Significant renal changes included increased fractional sodium excretion, increased urinary sodium and potassium excretion, and alkaline urine in both males and females. In addition, creatinine clearance was significantly decreased in females at the highest dose. No microscopic renal changes were seen. In dogs, the sulfate salts caused emesis, excessive salivation, excessive drinking of water, and abnormal excreta (soft and/or mucoid feces and/or diarrhea) and increased urine pH and sodium excretion.