Triumeq

Screening for HLA−B*5701 Allele prior to Initiating TRIUMEQ

Screen for the HLA‑B*5701 allele prior to initiating therapy with TRIUMEQ or TRIUMEQ PD [see Boxed Warning, Warnings and Precautions ].

Testing prior to or When Initiating Treatment with TRIUMEQ

Prior to or when initiating TRIUMEQ or TRIUMEQ PD, test patients for HBV infection [see Warnings and Precautions ].

Overview of TRIUMEQ Dosage Forms

TRIUMEQ is available in two dosage forms. Do not substitute TRIUMEQ tablets and TRIUMEQ PD tablets for oral suspension on a milligram-per-milligram basis due to differing pharmacokinetic profiles for the dolutegravir component [see Warnings and Precautions , Clinical Pharmacology ].

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TRIUMEQ tablets: 600 mg of abacavir, 50 mg of dolutegravir, and 300 mg of lamivudine. TRIUMEQ is recommended in adults and pediatric patients weighing at least 25 kg [see Dosage and Administration ].

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TRIUMEQ PD tablets for oral suspension: 60 mg of abacavir, 5 mg of dolutegravir, and 30 mg of lamivudine. TRIUMEQ PD is recommended in pediatric patients weighing 6 kg to less than 25 kg [see Dosage and Administration ].

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Because TRIUMEQ PD is a fixed-dose tablet and the dosage of individual components cannot be adjusted, it may lead to a suboptimal dosing for patients weighing ≥25 kg. TRIUMEQ PD is not recommended in patients weighing 25 kg or more [see Dosage and Administration ].

Recommended Dosage in Adults

TRIUMEQ is a fixed-dose combination product containing 600 mg of abacavir, 50 mg of dolutegravir, and 300 mg of lamivudine. The recommended dosage regimen of TRIUMEQ in adults is one tablet once daily orally with or without food. Do not use TRIUMEQ PD in adults.

Recommended Dosage and Administration Instructions for Pediatric Patients Weighing at Least 6 kg

The dosage and dosage form recommended for pediatric patients varies by weight as shown in Table 1 below.

Administer TRIUMEQ PD tablets for oral suspension with or without food. Instruct patients (or instruct caregivers) to fully disperse the tablets for oral suspension in 20 mL of drinking water (if using 4, 5, or 6 tablets for oral suspension) or 15 mL (if using 3 tablets for oral suspension) in the supplied cup; swirl the suspension so that no lumps remain. After full dispersion, administer the oral suspension within 30 minutes of mixing [see Instructions for Use]. Do not swallow the tablets for oral suspension whole, and do not chew, cut, or crush the tablets.

For children unable to use the supplied cup, an appropriate-sized syringe may be used to administer the oral suspension.

Administer TRIUMEQ tablet with or without food. Do not chew, cut, or crush the tablet.

Dosage Recommendation with Certain Concomitant Medications

The dolutegravir dose in TRIUMEQ (50 mg) and TRIUMEQ PD (5 mg) is insufficient when coadministered with medications listed in Table 2 that may decrease dolutegravir concentrations; the following dolutegravir dosage regimen is recommended.

Not Recommended Due to Lack of Dosage Adjustment

Because TRIUMEQ and TRIUMEQ PD are fixed-dose tablets and cannot be dose adjusted, TRIUMEQ and TRIUMEQ PD are not recommended in:

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patients with creatinine clearance <30 mL/min and pediatric patients with a similar degree of renal impairment based on age-appropriate renal function assessment. There are no data available on the use of lamivudine, a component of TRIUMEQ and TRIUMEQ PD, in pediatric patients with renal impairment [see Use in Specific Populations ].

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patients with mild hepatic impairment. TRIUMEQ and TRIUMEQ PD are contraindicated in patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment [see Contraindications , Use in Specific Populations ].

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Exposure Registry

There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in individuals exposed to TRIUMEQ during pregnancy. Healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by calling the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry (APR) at 1‑800‑258‑4263.

Risk Summary

Data from two, ongoing birth outcome surveillance studies in Botswana and Eswatini which together include over 14,000 individuals evaluated during pregnancy show similar prevalence of neural tube defects among infants born to individuals taking dolutegravir at the time of conception compared to those born to individuals taking non-dolutegravir-containing regimens at conception or infants born to HIV-negative individuals (see Data).

There are insufficient human data on the use of TRIUMEQ during pregnancy to definitively assess a drug-associated risk for birth defects and miscarriage. However, available human data from the APR with the individual components of TRIUMEQ do not indicate an increased risk of birth defects (see Data). The background risk for major birth defects for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background rate for major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.

In animal reproduction studies, no evidence of adverse developmental outcomes (including neural tube defects) was observed with dolutegravir at systemic exposures (AUC) less than (rabbits) and approximately 50 times (rats) the exposure in humans at the recommended human dose (RHD) (see Data). Oral administration of abacavir to pregnant rats during organogenesis resulted in fetal malformations and other embryonic and fetal toxicities at exposures 35 times the human exposure (AUC) at the RHD. No adverse developmental effects were observed following oral administration of abacavir to pregnant rabbits during organogenesis at exposures approximately 9 times the human exposure (AUC) at the RHD. Oral administration of lamivudine to pregnant rabbits during organogenesis resulted in embryolethality at a human exposure (AUC) similar to the RHD; however, no adverse development effects were observed with oral administration of lamivudine to pregnant rats during organogenesis at plasma concentrations (Cmax) 35 times the RHD (see Data).

Data

Human Data:

            Dolutegravir:

               Observational studies: The first interim analysis from an ongoing birth outcome surveillance study in Botswana identified an association between dolutegravir and an increased risk of neural tube defects when dolutegravir was administered at the time of conception and in early pregnancy. A subsequent analysis was conducted based on a larger cohort from the birth outcome surveillance study in Botswana and included over 9,460 individuals exposed to dolutegravir at conception, 23,664 individuals exposed to non-dolutegravir-containing regimens, and 170,723 HIV-negative pregnant individuals. The prevalence of neural tube defects in infants delivered to individuals taking dolutegravir at conception was 0.11% (95% CI: 0.05-0.19%). The observed prevalence rate did not differ significantly from that of infants delivered to individuals taking non-dolutegravir-containing regimens (0.11%, 95% CI: 0.07-0.16%), or to HIV-negative individuals (0.06%, 95% CI: 0.05-0.08%).

The Eswatini birth outcome surveillance study includes 9,743 individuals exposed to dolutegravir at conception, 1,838 individuals exposed to non-dolutegravir-containing regimens, and 32,259 HIV-negative pregnant individuals. The prevalence of neural tube defects in infants delivered to individuals taking dolutegravir at conception was 0.08% (95% CI: 0.04-0.16%). The observed prevalence rate did not differ significantly from that of infants delivered to individuals taking non-dolutegravir-containing regimens (0.22%, 95% CI: 0.06-0.56%) or to HIV-negative individuals (0.08%, 95% CI: 0.06-0.12%). The observed prevalence of neural tube defects in infants delivered to individuals taking non-dolutegravir-containing regimens had a wide confidence interval due to low sample size.

Limitations of these birth outcome surveillance studies include insufficient data to determine if baseline characteristics were balanced between the study groups or to assess other factors such as the use of folic acid during the preconception or first trimester periods.

               Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry: Based on prospective reports to the APR, of over 1,300 exposures to dolutegravir during pregnancy resulting in live births (including 874 exposed in the first trimester), the prevalence of defects in live births was 3.3% (95% CI: 2.2% to 4.7%) following first-trimester exposure to dolutegravir-containing regimens and 5.0% (95% CI: 3.2% to 7.3%) following second-/third-trimester exposure to dolutegravir-containing regimens. In the U.S. reference population of the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP), the background birth defect rate was 2.7%.

Dolutegravir has been shown to cross the placenta. In a clinical trial in Uganda and South Africa in women during the last trimester of pregnancy receiving dolutegravir 50 mg once daily, the ratio of median dolutegravir concentration in fetal umbilical cord to that in maternal peripheral plasma was 1.21 (range 0.51-2.11) (n = 15).

               Abacavir: Based on prospective reports to the APR of over 2,800 exposures to abacavir during pregnancy resulting in live births (including 1,455 exposed in the first trimester), there was no difference between the overall risk of birth defects for abacavir compared with the background birth defect rate of 2.7% in the U.S. reference population of the MACDP. The prevalence of defects in live births was 3.2% (95% CI: 2.4% to 4.3%) following first trimester exposure to abacavir-containing regimens and 3.0% (95% CI: 2.2% to 4.1%) following second/third trimester exposure to abacavir-containing regimens.

Abacavir has been shown to cross the placenta and concentrations in neonatal plasma at birth were essentially equal to those in maternal plasma at delivery [see Clinical Pharmacology ].

               Lamivudine: Based on prospective reports to the APR of over 13,000 exposures to lamivudine during pregnancy resulting in live births (including 5,613 exposed in the first trimester), there was no difference between the overall risk of birth defects for lamivudine compared with the background birth defect rate of 2.7% in the U.S. reference population of the MACDP. The prevalence of birth defects in live births was 3.1% (95% CI: 2.6% to 3.6%) following first trimester exposure to lamivudine-containing regimens and 2.9% (95% CI: 2.5%, 3.3%) following second/third trimester exposure to lamivudine-containing regimens.

Lamivudine pharmacokinetics were studied in pregnant women during 2 clinical trials conducted in South Africa. The trials assessed pharmacokinetics in 16 women at 36 weeks’ gestation using 150 mg lamivudine twice daily with zidovudine, 10 women at 38 weeks’ gestation using 150 mg lamivudine twice daily with zidovudine, and 10 women at 38 weeks’ gestation using lamivudine 300 mg twice daily without other antiretrovirals. These trials were not designed or powered to provide efficacy information. Lamivudine concentrations were generally similar in maternal, neonatal, and umbilical cord serum samples. In a subset of subjects, amniotic fluid specimens were collected following natural rupture of membranes and confirmed that lamivudine crosses the placenta in humans. Based on limited data at delivery, median (range) amniotic fluid concentrations of lamivudine were 3.9-fold (1.2- to 12.8-fold) greater compared with paired maternal serum concentration (n = 8).

Animal Data:

               Dolutegravir: Dolutegravir was administered orally to pregnant rats and rabbits (up to 1,000 mg/kg/day) on Gestation Days 6 to 17 and 6 to 18, respectively, and to rats on Gestation Day 6 to lactation/post-partum Day 20. No adverse effects on embryo-fetal (rats and rabbits) or pre/post-natal (rats) development were observed up to the highest dose tested. During organogenesis, systemic exposures (AUC) to dolutegravir in rabbits were less than the exposure in humans at the RHD and in rats were approximately 50 times the exposure in humans at the RHD. In the rat pre/post-natal development study, decreased body weight of the developing offspring was observed during lactation at a maternally toxic dose (approximately 50 times human exposure at the RHD).

               Abacavir: Abacavir was administered orally to pregnant rats (at 100, 300, and 1,000 mg/kg/day) and rabbits (at 125, 350, or 700 mg/kg/day) during organogenesis (on Gestation Days 6 through 17 and 6 through 20, respectively). Fetal malformations (increased incidences of fetal anasarca and skeletal malformations) or developmental toxicity (decreased fetal body weight and crown‑rump length) were observed in rats at doses up to 1,000 mg/kg/day, resulting in exposures approximately 35 times the human exposure (AUC) at the RHD. No developmental effects were observed in rats at 100 mg/kg/day, resulting in exposures (AUC) 3.5 times the human exposure at the recommended daily dose. In a fertility and early embryo-fetal development study conducted in rats (at 60, 160, or 500 mg/kg/day), embryonic and fetal toxicities (increased resorptions, decreased fetal body weights) or toxicities to the offspring (increased incidence of stillbirth and lower body weights) occurred at doses up to 500 mg/kg/day. No developmental effects were observed in rats at 60 mg/kg/day, resulting in exposures (AUC) approximately 4 times the human exposure at the RHD. Studies in pregnant rats showed that abacavir is transferred to the fetus through the placenta. In pregnant rabbits, no developmental toxicities and no increases in fetal malformations occurred at up to the highest dose evaluated, resulting in exposures (AUC) approximately 9 times the human exposure at the RHD.

               Lamivudine: Lamivudine was administered orally to pregnant rats (at 90, 600, and 4,000 mg/kg/day) and rabbits (at 90, 300 and 1,000 mg/kg/day and at 15, 40, and 90 mg/kg/day) during organogenesis (on Gestation Days 7 through 16 [rat] and 8 through 20 [rabbit]). No evidence of fetal malformations due to lamivudine was observed in rats and rabbits at doses producing plasma concentrations (Cmax) approximately 35 times higher than human exposure at the recommended daily dose. Evidence of early embryolethality was seen in the rabbit at systemic exposures (AUC) similar to those observed in humans, but there was no indication of this effect in the rat at plasma concentrations (Cmax) 35 times higher than human exposure at the recommended daily dose. Studies in pregnant rats showed that lamivudine is transferred to the fetus through the placenta. In the fertility/pre- and postnatal development study in rats, lamivudine was administered orally at doses of 180, 900, and 4,000 mg/kg/day (from prior to mating through postnatal Day 20). In the study, development of the offspring, including fertility and reproductive performance, were not affected by the maternal administration of lamivudine.

Lactation

Risk Summary

Abacavir, dolutegravir and lamivudine are present in human milk. There is no information on the effects of TRIUMEQ or its components on the breastfed infant or the effects of the drug on milk production.

Potential risks of breastfeeding include: (1) HIV‑1 transmission (in HIV-1–negative infants), (2) developing viral resistance (in HIV-1–positive infants), and (3) adverse reactions in a breastfed infant similar to those seen in adults.

Pediatric Use

The clinical data supporting use of TRIUMEQ and TRIUMEQ PD in pediatric patients with HIV-1 infection aged at least 3 months old weighing at least 6 kg is derived from the following previously conducted pediatric trials using TRIUMEQ and TRIUMEQ PD or the individual components:

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The safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity (efficacy) of TRIUMEQ and TRIUMEQ PD were established through an open-label, multicenter clinical trial (IMPAACT 2019), in which HIV-1–infected, treatment-naïve, or treatment-experienced, pediatric subjects younger than 12 years and weighing at least 6 kg to less than 40 kg were treated with TRIUMEQ or TRIUMEQ PD [see Adverse Reactions , Clinical Pharmacology , Clinical Studies ].

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The safety and efficacy of once-daily abacavir and lamivudine were established with a randomized, multicenter trial (ARROW [COL105677]) in HIV-1–infected, treatment-naive subjects aged 3 months to 17 years with a first-line regimen containing abacavir and lamivudine, using either the combination of EPIVIR and ZIAGEN or EPZICOM [see Adverse Reactions , Clinical Studies ].

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The safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity (efficacy) of TIVICAY and TIVICAY PD were established through an ongoing, open-label, multicenter, dose-finding clinical trial (IMPAACT P1093), in which HIV-1–infected, treatment-naive or treatment-experienced, INSTI-naive, pediatric and adolescent subjects aged 4 weeks to <18 years and weighing at least 3 kg were treated with TIVICAY or TIVICAY PD plus optimized background therapy [see Adverse Reactions , Clinical Pharmacology , Clinical Studies ].

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Additional pharmacokinetics data were evaluated in 2 pharmacokinetic substudies in ODYSSEY, an ongoing open-label, randomized, non-inferiority trial to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic parameters of TIVICAY or TIVICAY PD plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) (mainly abacavir and lamivudine) compared with standard of care in HIV-1–infected pediatric subjects younger than 18 years [see Clinical Pharmacology ].

Overall, the safety, and efficacy profile of TRIUMEQ and TRIUMEQ PD in pediatric patients is comparable to that observed in adults. There are no data available on the use of lamivudine in pediatric patients with renal impairment [see Dosage and Administration , Warnings and Precautions , Adverse Reactions , Use in Specific Populations , Clinical Pharmacology , Clinical Studies ].

The safety and effectiveness of TRIUMEQ PD have not been established in pediatric patients aged less than 3 months or weighing less than 6 kg.

Geriatric Use

Clinical trials of abacavir, dolutegravir, or lamivudine did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. In general, caution should be exercised in the administration of TRIUMEQ in elderly patients reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy [see Clinical Pharmacology ].

Patients with Impaired Renal Function

TRIUMEQ and TRIUMEQ PD are not recommended for patients with creatinine clearance <30 mL/min and pediatric patients with a similar degree of renal impairment based on age-appropriate assessment of renal function because TRIUMEQ and TRIUMEQ PD are fixed-dose combinations, and the dosage of the individual components cannot be adjusted. If a dose reduction of lamivudine, a component of TRIUMEQ and TRIUMEQ PD, is required for patients with creatinine clearance <30 mL/min and in pediatric patients with a similar degree of renal impairment based on age-appropriate assessment of renal function, then the individual components should be used [see Clinical Pharmacology ].

Patients with a creatinine clearance between 30 and 49 mL/min receiving TRIUMEQ may experience a 1.6- to 3.3-fold higher lamivudine exposure (AUC) than patients with a creatinine clearance ≥50 mL/min. There are no safety data from randomized, controlled trials comparing TRIUMEQ to the individual components in patients with a creatinine clearance between 30 and 49 mL/min who received dose-adjusted lamivudine. Additionally, there are no data available on the use of lamivudine in pediatric patients with renal impairment. In the original lamivudine registrational trials in combination with zidovudine, higher lamivudine exposures were associated with higher rates of hematologic toxicities (neutropenia and anemia), although discontinuations due to neutropenia or anemia each occurred in <1% of subjects.

Patients with a sustained creatinine clearance between 30 and 49 mL/min or pediatric patients with a similar degree of renal impairment based on an age-appropriate assessment of renal function who receive TRIUMEQ or TRIUMEQ PD should be monitored for hematologic toxicities. If new or worsening neutropenia or anemia develop, dose adjustment of lamivudine, per lamivudine prescribing information, is recommended. If lamivudine dose adjustment is indicated, TRIUMEQ or TRIUMEQ PD should be discontinued, and the individual components should be used to construct the treatment regimen.

Patients with Impaired Hepatic Function

TRIUMEQ and TRIUMEQ PD are fixed-dose combinations, and the dosage of the individual components cannot be adjusted. If a dose reduction of abacavir, a component of TRIUMEQ and TRIUMEQ PD, is required for patients with mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Score A), then the individual components should be used [see Clinical Pharmacology ].

The safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic properties of abacavir have not been established in patients with moderate (Child-Pugh Score B) or severe (Child-Pugh Score C) hepatic impairment; therefore, TRIUMEQ and TRIUMEQ PD are contraindicated in these patients [see Contraindications ].