Xofluza
(baloxavir marboxil)Dosage & Administration
Treatment and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis of Influenza
XOFLUZA should be taken as a single dose as soon as possible and within 48 hours of influenza symptom onset for treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza or following contact with an individual who has influenza. XOFLUZA may be taken with or without food.
| Patient Body Weight (kg) | Recommended Single Oral Dose in Patients 5 Years of Age and Older (Tablets) |
|---|---|
| 20 kg to less than 80 kg | One 40 mg tablet (blister card contains one 40 mg tablet) |
| At least 80 kg | One 80 mg tablet (blister card contains one 80 mg tablet) |
| Patient Body Weight (kg) | Recommended Single Oral Dose in Patients 5 Years of Age and Older (For Oral Suspension) |
|---|---|
| Less than 20 kg | 2 mg/kg taken as a single dose |
| 20 kg to less than 80 kg | 40 mg (20 mL) taken as a single dose |
| At least 80 kg | 80 mg (40 mL) taken as a single dose |
Refer to the Full Prescribing Information for additional information on the recommended dosage and preparation of XOFLUZA for oral suspension for oral or enteral use in patients 5 years of age and older.
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Xofluza Prescribing Information
Treatment of Influenza
XOFLUZA is indicated for treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in patients 5 years of age and older who have been symptomatic for no more than 48 hours and who are otherwise healthy or at high risk of developing influenza-related complications1 [see Clinical Studies (14)].
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis of Influenza
XOFLUZA is indicated for post-exposure prophylaxis of influenza in persons 5 years of age and older following contact with an individual who has influenza [see Clinical Studies (14.4)].
Limitations of Use
Influenza viruses change over time, and factors such as the virus type or subtype, emergence of resistance, or changes in viral virulence could diminish the clinical benefit of antiviral drugs. Consider available information on drug susceptibility patterns for circulating influenza virus strains when deciding whether to use XOFLUZA [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2), Microbiology (12.4) and Clinical Studies (14)].
Dosage and Administration Overview
XOFLUZA is available in two dosage forms:
- XOFLUZA tablets (40 mg and 80 mg).
- XOFLUZA for oral suspension (2 mg/mL). This granule formulation is intended for patients who are unable to or have difficulty swallowing tablets, or those who require enteral administration [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)].
XOFLUZA should be taken as soon as possible after influenza symptom onset or exposure to influenza and may be taken with or without food. However, coadministration of XOFLUZA with dairy products, calcium-fortified beverages, polyvalent cation-containing laxatives, antacids, or oral supplements (e.g., calcium, iron, magnesium, selenium, or zinc) should be avoided [see Drug Interactions (7.1) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Recommended Dosage
Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Influenza or Post-Exposure Prophylaxis in Adults, and Pediatric Patients (5 Years of Age and Older)
XOFLUZA should be taken as a single dose as soon as possible and within 48 hours of influenza symptom onset for treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza or following contact with an individual who has influenza. The recommended dosage of XOFLUZA in patients 5 years of age or older is a single weight-based dose displayed in Tables 1 and 2.
| Patient Body Weight (kg) | Recommended Single Oral Dose (Tablets) |
|---|---|
| 20 kg to less than 80 kg | One 40 mg tablet (blister card contains one 40 mg tablet) |
| At least 80 kg | One 80 mg tablet (blister card contains one 80 mg tablet) |
| Patient Body Weight (kg) | Recommended Single Oral Dose *, † (For Oral Suspension) |
|---|---|
| |
| Less than 20 kg | 2 mg/kg taken as a single dose |
| 20 kg to less than 80 kg | 40 mg (20 mL) taken as a single dose |
| At least 80 kg | 80 mg (40 mL ‡) taken as a single dose |
Preparation of XOFLUZA for Oral Suspension by Healthcare Provider
Prior to dispensing to the patient, constitute XOFLUZA for oral suspension with 20 mL of drinking water or sterile water. After constitution, each bottle of XOFLUZA for oral suspension contains 40 mg of baloxavir marboxil per 20 mL of volume for a final concentration of 2 mg/mL. This dosage form can be used for oral or enteral use. The contents of the full bottle(s) of XOFLUZA for oral suspension should not be taken without use of measuring device (oral syringe). Ensure the caregiver or patient uses an oral syringe to measure the prescribed dose of XOFLUZA for oral suspension. Patients may need to draw up XOFLUZA for oral suspension multiple times using the oral syringe to receive the full dose.
Constituting XOFLUZA for Oral Suspension
Prepare the suspension at the time of dispensing. Administration must occur within 10 hours after constitution because the product does not contain a preservative.
- Gently tap the bottom of the bottle to loosen the granules.
- Constitute XOFLUZA for oral suspension with 20 mL of drinking water or sterile water.
- Gently swirl the suspension to ensure that the granules are evenly suspended. Do not shake.
- Write the expiration time and date on the bottle label in the space provided (10 hours from constitution time).
Important Information for the Healthcare Provider
- Provide caregiver or patient with a measuring device (oral syringe) to deliver the prescribed dose of the suspension for oral use. For enteral administration (i.e., feeding tube), draw up suspension with an enteral syringe. Flush with 1 mL of water before and after enteral administration.
- Instruct the caregiver or patient that the total prescribed dose of XOFLUZA for oral suspension may require:
- less than one bottle (e.g., for pediatric patients 5 years of age and older who weigh less than 20 kg)
- one bottle (e.g., for adults and adolescents weighing 20 kg to less than 80 kg), or
- two bottles (e.g., for adults and adolescents weighing at least 80 kg).
XOFLUZA Tablets:
XOFLUZA 40 mg tablets are white to light yellow, oblong-shaped, film-coated tablets debossed with "BXM40" on one side.
XOFLUZA 80 mg tablets are white to light yellow, oblong shaped, film-coated tablets debossed with "BXM80" on one side.
XOFLUZA for Oral Suspension:
XOFLUZA for oral suspension contains 40 mg/20 mL or 2 mg/mL baloxavir marboxil after constitution with 20 mL of drinking water or sterile water. The granules are white to light yellow. The constituted product is a greyish white, white to light yellow opaque suspension with strawberry flavor.
Pregnancy
Risk Summary
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies with XOFLUZA in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk of adverse developmental outcomes. There are risks to the mother and fetus associated with influenza virus infection in pregnancy (see Clinical Considerations). In animal reproduction studies, no adverse developmental effects were observed in rats or rabbits with oral administration of baloxavir marboxil at exposures approximately 5 (rats) and 7 (rabbits) times the systemic baloxavir exposure at the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) (see Data).
The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defects, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2%–4% and 15%–20%, respectively.
Clinical Considerations
Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryo/Fetal Risk
Pregnant women are at higher risk of severe complications from influenza, which may lead to adverse pregnancy and/or fetal outcomes, including maternal death, stillbirth, birth defects, preterm delivery, low birth weight, and small for gestational age.
Data
Animal Data
Baloxavir marboxil was administered orally to pregnant rats (20, 200, or 1,000 mg/kg/day from gestation day 6 to 17) and rabbits (30, 100, or 1,000 mg/kg/day from gestation day 7 to 19). No adverse embryo-fetal effects were observed in rats up to the highest dose of baloxavir marboxil (1,000 mg/kg/day), resulting in systemic baloxavir exposure (AUC) of approximately 5 times the exposure at the MRHD. In rabbits, fetal skeletal variations occurred at a maternally toxic dose (1,000 mg/kg/day) resulting in 2 abortions out of 19 pregnancies. No adverse maternal or embryo-fetal effects were observed in rabbits at the middle dose (100 mg/kg/day) resulting in systemic baloxavir exposure (AUC) approximately 7 times the exposure at the MRHD.
In the prenatal and postnatal development study in rats, baloxavir marboxil was administered orally at 20, 200, or 1,000 mg/kg/day from gestation day 6 to postpartum/lactation day 20. No significant effects were observed in the offspring at maternal systemic baloxavir exposure (AUC) approximately 5 times the exposure at the MRHD.
Lactation
Risk Summary
There are no data on the presence of baloxavir marboxil in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. Baloxavir and its related metabolites were present in the milk of lactating rats (see Data). The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for XOFLUZA and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from the drug or from the underlying maternal condition.
Data
In a lactation study, baloxavir and its related metabolites were excreted in the milk of lactating rats administered baloxavir marboxil (1 mg/kg) on postpartum/lactation day 11, with peak milk concentration approximately 5 times that of maternal plasma concentrations occurring 2 hours post-dose. No effects of baloxavir marboxil on growth and postnatal development were observed in nursing pups at the highest oral dose tested in rats. Maternal systemic exposure was approximately 5 times the baloxavir exposure in humans at the MRHD.
Pediatric Use
Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Influenza in Adolescent Subjects (≥ 12 Years of Age)
The safety and effectiveness of XOFLUZA for the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in adolescent subjects 12 years of age and older weighing at least 40 kg is supported by one randomized, double-blind, controlled trial in otherwise healthy subjects Trial T0831 and one trial in subjects at high risk of developing influenza-related complications Trial T0832 [see Clinical Studies (14.1)]. A total of 117 otherwise healthy adolescents 12 to17 years of age were randomized and received either XOFLUZA (N=76) or placebo (N=41) in Trial T0831; 38 adolescents 12 to 17 years of age at high risk for influenza complications were randomized and received either XOFLUZA (N=21) or placebo (N=17) in Trial T0832. The median time to alleviation of symptoms in influenza-infected adolescent subjects aged 12 to 17 years in Trial T0831 was comparable to that observed in adults. In Trial T0832, the median time to improvement of symptoms in the limited number of influenza-infected adolescent subjects aged 12 to 17 years was similar in the XOFLUZA and placebo arms [see Clinical Studies (14.1)]. Adverse events reported in adolescents in both trials were similar to those reported in adults [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Influenza in Pediatric Subjects (5 to < 12 Years of Age)
The safety and effectiveness of XOFLUZA in pediatric subjects 5 to less than 12 years of age is supported by one randomized, double-blind, controlled trial Trial CP40563 with a primary endpoint of safety. In this trial, 118 pediatric subjects were randomized and treated in a 2:1 ratio and received either XOFLUZA (N=79) or oseltamivir (N=39). Efficacy was extrapolated from adults and adolescents based on comparable PK exposures in adults, adolescents and pediatric subjects 5 to less than 12 years of age. The median time to alleviation of signs and symptoms in influenza-infected subjects was comparable in the XOFLUZA and oseltamivir arms. Adverse events reported with XOFLUZA in pediatric subjects were similar to those observed in adults and adolescents except for vomiting and diarrhea, which were both more commonly reported in pediatric subjects [see Adverse Reactions (6.1), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3), and Clinical Studies (14.1)].
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis of Influenza in Pediatric and Adolescent Subjects (5 to < 18 Years of Age)
The safety and effectiveness of XOFLUZA for post-exposure prophylaxis in pediatric and adolescent subjects 5 to less than 18 years of age is supported by one randomized, double-blind, controlled trial conducted in Japan Trial T0834 [see Clinical Studies (14.3)]. Subjects in this trial were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive XOFLUZA or placebo. A total of 69 subjects from 5 to <18 years of age in Trial T0834 received XOFLUZA. The incidence of RT-PCR-confirmed symptomatic influenza in pediatric subjects 5 to <18 years of age was similar to that observed in adult subjects [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3), and Clinical Studies (14.3)]. Efficacy was extrapolated from adults based on comparable PK exposures in adults, adolescents and pediatric subjects 5 to <18 years of age.
Adverse events reported in pediatric and adolescent subjects were similar to those reported in adults in the same trial [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
Pediatric Subjects (< 5 Years of Age)
The safety and effectiveness of XOFLUZA for treatment and post-exposure prophylaxis of influenza in pediatric subjects less than 5 years of age, including neonates, have not been established [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Microbiology (12.4)].
Geriatric Use
The safety and effectiveness of XOFLUZA in subjects 65 years of age and older has been established and is supported by one randomized, double-blind, controlled trial [see Clinical Studies (14.2)]. In Trial T0832, of 730 XOFLUZA-treated subjects at high risk of influenza-related complications, 209 (29%) subjects were 65 years of age and older. The median time to improvement of influenza symptoms in subjects 65 years of age and older was 70 hours in subjects who received XOFLUZA (N=112) and 88 hours in those who received placebo (N=102). The safety profile observed for this population was similar to that reported in the overall trial population except for nausea, which was reported in 6% of elderly subjects compared to 1% of subjects from 18 to 64 years of age.
XOFLUZA is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to baloxavir marboxil or any of its ingredients. Serious allergic reactions have included anaphylaxis, angioedema, urticaria, and erythema multiforme [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Hypersensitivity
Cases of anaphylaxis, urticaria, angioedema, and erythema multiforme have been reported in postmarketing experience with XOFLUZA. Appropriate treatment should be instituted if an allergic-like reaction occurs or is suspected. The use of XOFLUZA is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to XOFLUZA [see Contraindications (4) and Adverse Reactions (6.2)].
Increased Incidence of Treatment-Emergent Resistance in Patients Less Than 5 Years of Age
XOFLUZA is not indicated in patients less than 5 years of age due to increased incidence of treatment-emergent resistance in this age group. In clinical trials, the incidence of virus with treatment-emergent substitutions associated with reduced susceptibility to baloxavir (resistance) was higher in pediatric subjects younger than 5 years of age (40%, 38/96) than in pediatric subjects ≥ 5 years to < 12 years of age (16%, 19/117) or subjects ≥ 12 years of age (7%, 60/842). The potential for transmission of resistant strains in the community has not been determined [see Indications and Usage (1), Use in Specific Populations (8.4), and Microbiology (12.4)].
Risk of Bacterial Infections
There is no evidence of efficacy of XOFLUZA in any illness caused by pathogens other than influenza viruses. Serious bacterial infections may begin with influenza-like symptoms or may coexist with, or occur as, a complication of influenza. XOFLUZA has not been shown to prevent such complications. Prescribers should be alert to potential secondary bacterial infections and treat them as appropriate.