Onexton
(clindamycin phosphate)Onexton Prescribing Information
Clindamycin Phosphate and Benzoyl Peroxide Gel, 1.2%/3.75% is indicated for the topical treatment of acne vulgaris in patients 12 years of age and older.
Before applying clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel, wash the face gently with a mild soap, rinse with warm water, and pat the skin dry. Apply a pea-sized amount of clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel to the face once daily. Avoid the eyes, mouth, mucous membranes, or areas of broken skin.
Use of clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel beyond 12 weeks has not been evaluated.
Clindamycin Phosphate and Benzoyl Peroxide Gel is not for oral, ophthalmic, or intravaginal use.
Gel, 1.2%/3.75%
Each gram of clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel contains 12 mg (1.2%) clindamycin phosphate, equivalent to 10 mg (1%) clindamycin, and 37.5 mg (3.75%) benzoyl peroxide in a white to off-white, opaque, smooth gel.
Pregnancy
Risk Summary
There are no available data on clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel use in pregnant women to evaluate a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. The limited published data on use of clindamycin in pregnant women with exposure during the first trimester are insufficient to inform a drug-associated risk of pregnancy-related adverse outcomes (see Data). In limited published clinical trials with pregnant women, the systemic administration of clindamycin during the second and third trimesters has not been associated with an increased frequency of major birth defects.
In animal reproduction studies, clindamycin did not cause malformations or embryo-fetal development toxicity in pregnant rats and mice when administered during the period of organogenesis at systemic doses up to 240 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 2.5 g clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel, based on body surface area (BSA) comparisons (see Data).
The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of major birth defects, loss, and other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively.
Data
Human Data
In limited published trials in pregnant women administered clindamycin during the first trimester of pregnancy, there was no difference in the rate of major birth defects reported among in utero exposed infants compared to unexposed infants. These data cannot definitely establish or exclude any clindamycin-associated risk during pregnancy.
Animal Data
Animal reproductive/developmental toxicity studies have not been conducted with clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel or benzoyl peroxide. Developmental toxicity studies of clindamycin performed in pregnant rats and mice administered during the period of organogenesis at oral doses of up to 600 mg/kg/day (240 and 120 times the MRHD for clindamycin, respectively, based on BSA comparisons) or subcutaneous doses of up to 200 mg/kg/day (80 and 40 times the MRHD for clindamycin, respectively, based on BSA comparisons) revealed no malformations or embryo-fetal development toxicity.
Lactation
Risk Summary
There are no data on the presence of clindamycin or benzoyl peroxide in human milk, the effects on the breastfed child, or the effects on milk production following topical administration. However, clindamycin has been reported to be present in breast milk in small amounts following oral and parenteral administration. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel or from the underlying maternal condition.
Clinical Considerations
If used during lactation and clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel is applied to the chest, care should be taken to avoid accidental ingestion by the infant.
Pediatric Use
Safety and effectiveness of clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel in pediatric patients under the age of 12 years have not been evaluated.
Geriatric Use
Clinical trials of clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel did not include sufficient numbers of subjects age 65 years and older to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects.
Hypersensitivity
Clindamycin Phosphate and Benzoyl Peroxide Gel is contraindicated in those individuals who have shown hypersensitivity to clindamycin, benzoyl peroxide, any components of the formulation, or lincomycin. Anaphylaxis, as well as allergic reactions leading to hospitalization, has been reported in postmarketing use with clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel [see Postmarketing Experience (6.2)].
Colitis/Enteritis
Clindamycin Phosphate and Benzoyl Peroxide Gel is contraindicated in patients with a history of regional enteritis, ulcerative colitis, or antibiotic-associated colitis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Colitis
Systemic absorption of clindamycin has been demonstrated following topical use of clindamycin. Diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, and colitis (including pseudomembranous colitis) have been reported with the use of topical and systemic clindamycin. If significant diarrhea occurs, clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel should be discontinued.
Severe colitis has occurred following oral and parenteral administration of clindamycin with an onset of up to several weeks following cessation of therapy. Antiperistaltic agents such as opiates and diphenoxylate with atropine may prolong and/or worsen severe colitis. Severe colitis may result in death.
Studies indicate toxin(s) produced by Clostridia is one primary cause of antibiotic-associated colitis. The colitis is usually characterized by severe persistent diarrhea and severe abdominal cramps and may be associated with the passage of blood and mucus. Stool cultures for Clostridium difficile and stool assay for C. difficile toxin may be helpful diagnostically.
Ultraviolet Light and Environmental Exposure
Minimize sun exposure (including use of tanning beds or sun lamps) following drug application.
Concomitant Topical Medications
Concomitant topical acne therapy should be used with caution since a possible cumulative irritancy effect may occur, especially with the use of peeling, desquamating, or abrasive agents. If irritancy or dermatitis occurs, reduce frequency of application or temporarily interrupt treatment and resume once the irritation subsides. Treatment should be discontinued if the irritation persists.
The following adverse reaction is described in more detail in the Warnings and Precautions section of the label:
- •
- Colitis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Clinical Trials Experience
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates observed in clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.
These adverse reactions occurred in less than 0.5% of subjects treated with clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel: burning sensation (0.4%); contact dermatitis (0.4%); pruritus (0.4%); and rash (0.4%).
During the clinical trial, subjects were assessed for local cutaneous signs and symptoms of erythema, scaling, itching, burning and stinging. Most local skin reactions either were the same as baseline or increased and peaked around Week 4 and were near or improved from baseline levels by Week 12. The percentage of subjects that had symptoms present before treatment (at baseline), during treatment, and the percent with symptoms present at Week 12 are shown in Table 1.
| Before Treatment (Baseline) | During Treatment | End of Treatment (Week 12) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild | Mod. * | Severe | Mild | Mod. * | Severe | Mild | Mod. * | Severe | |
| |||||||||
Erythema | 20 | 6 | 0 | 28 | 5 | <1 | 15 | 2 | 0 |
Scaling | 10 | 1 | 0 | 19 | 3 | 0 | 10 | <1 | 0 |
Itching | 14 | 3 | <1 | 15 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 2 | 0 |
Burning | 5 | <1 | <1 | 7 | 1 | <1 | 3 | <1 | 0 |
Stinging | 5 | <1 | 0 | 7 | 0 | <1 | 3 | 0 | <1 |
Postmarketing Experience
Because postmarketing adverse reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Anaphylaxis, as well as allergic reactions leading to hospitalizations, has been reported in postmarketing use of products containing clindamycin phosphate/benzoyl peroxide.
Erythromycin
Avoid using clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel in combination with topical or oral erythromycin-containing products due to its clindamycin component. In vitro studies have shown antagonism between erythromycin and clindamycin. The clinical significance of this in vitro antagonism is not known.
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
Clindamycin has been shown to have neuromuscular blocking properties that may enhance the action of other neuromuscular blocking agents. Clindamycin Phosphate and Benzoyl Peroxide Gel should be used with caution in patients receiving such agents.
Clindamycin Phosphate and Benzoyl Peroxide Gel is a combination product with two active ingredients in a white to off-white, opaque, smooth, aqueous gel formulation intended for topical use. Clindamycin phosphate is a water-soluble ester of the semisynthetic antibiotic produced by a 7(S)-chloro-substitution of the 7(R)-hydroxyl group of the parent antibiotic lincomycin.
The chemical name for clindamycin phosphate is Methyl 7-chloro-6,7,8-trideoxy-6- (1-methyl-trans-4-propyl-L-2-pyrrolidinecarboxamido)-1-thio-L-threo-α-D-galacto-octopyranoside 2-(dihydrogen phosphate). The structural formula for clindamycin phosphate is represented below:
Clindamycin phosphate:
- Molecular Formula: C18H34ClN2O8PS Molecular Weight: 504.97
Benzoyl peroxide is an antibacterial and keratolytic agent. The structural formula for benzoyl peroxide is represented below:
Benzoyl peroxide:
- Molecular Formula: C14H10O4 Molecular Weight: 242.23
Clindamycin Phosphate and Benzoyl Peroxide Gel contains the following inactive ingredients: carbomer 980, potassium hydroxide, propylene glycol, and purified water. Each gram of clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel contains 12 mg (1.2%) clindamycin phosphate, equivalent to 10 mg (1%) clindamycin, and 37.5 mg (3.75%) benzoyl peroxide.
Mechanism of Action
Clindamycin: Clindamycin is a lincosamide antibacterial [see Microbiology (12.4)].
Benzoyl Peroxide: Benzoyl peroxide is an oxidizing agent with bactericidal and keratolytic effects but the precise mechanism of action is unknown.
Pharmacokinetics
The systemic absorption of clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel has not been evaluated. The systemic absorption of clindamycin was investigated in an open-label, multiple-dose trial in 16 adult subjects with moderate to severe acne vulgaris treated with 1 gram of a marketed gel containing clindamycin 1%/benzoyl peroxide 2.5% applied to the face once daily for 30 days. This product has the same formulation as clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel but with a lower concentration of benzoyl peroxide. Twelve subjects (75%) had at least one quantifiable clindamycin plasma concentration above the lower limit of quantification (LOQ = 0.5 ng/mL) on Day 1 or Day 30. On Day 1, the mean (± standard deviation) peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) was 0.78 ± 0.22 ng/mL (n=9 with measurable concentrations), and the mean AUC0-t was 5.29 ± 0.81 h.ng/mL (n=4). On Day 30, the mean Cmax was 1.22 ± 0.88 ng/mL (n=10), and the mean AUC0-t was 8.42 ± 6.01 h.ng/mL (n=6). Clindamycin plasma concentrations were below LOQ in all subjects at 24 hours post-dose on the three tested days (Day 1, 15, and 30).
Benzoyl peroxide has been shown to be absorbed by the skin where it is converted to benzoic acid.
Microbiology
Clindamycin binds to the 50S ribosomal subunits of susceptible bacteria and prevents elongation of peptide chains by interfering with peptidyl transfer, thereby suppressing bacterial protein synthesis.
Clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide individually have been shown to have in vitro activity against Propionibacterium acnes, an organism which has been associated with acne vulgaris. In an in vitro study, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for benzoyl peroxide against Propionibacterium acnes is 128 mg/L. The clinical significance of this activity against P. acnes is not known.
P. acnes resistance to clindamycin has been documented. Resistance to clindamycin is often associated with resistance to erythromycin.
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
Carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and impairment of fertility testing of clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel have not been performed.
Benzoyl peroxide has been shown to be a tumor promoter and progression agent in a number of animal studies. Benzoyl peroxide in acetone at doses of 5 and 10 mg administered topically twice per week for 20 weeks induced skin tumors in transgenic Tg.AC mice. The clinical significance of this is unknown.
Carcinogenicity studies have been conducted with a gel formulation containing 1% clindamycin and 5% benzoyl peroxide. In a 2-year dermal carcinogenicity study in mice, treatment with the gel formulation at doses of 900, 2700, and 15000 mg/kg/day (1.8, 5.4, and 30 times the MRHD for clindamycin and 2.4, 7.2, and 40 times the MRHD for benzoyl peroxide, respectively, based on BSA comparisons) did not cause any increase in tumors. However, topical treatment with a different gel formulation containing 1% clindamycin and 5% benzoyl peroxide at doses of 100, 500, and 2000 mg/kg/day caused a dose-dependent increase in the incidence of keratoacanthoma at the treated skin site of male rats in a 2-year dermal carcinogenicity study in rats. In an oral (gavage) carcinogenicity study in rats, treatment with the gel formulation at doses of 300, 900, and 3000 mg/kg/day (1.2, 3.6, and 12 times the MRHD for clindamycin and 1.6, 4.8, and 16 times the MRHD for benzoyl peroxide, respectively, based on BSA comparisons) for up to 97 weeks did not cause any increase in tumors.
Clindamycin phosphate was not genotoxic in the human lymphocyte chromosome aberration assay. Benzoyl peroxide has been found to cause DNA strand breaks in a variety of mammalian cell types, to be mutagenic in S. typhimurium tests by some but not all investigators, and to cause sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
Fertility studies have not been performed with clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel or benzoyl peroxide, but fertility and mating ability have been studied with clindamycin. Fertility studies in rats treated orally with up to 300 mg/kg/day of clindamycin (approximately 120 times the MRHD for clindamycin based on BSA comparisons) revealed no effects on fertility or mating ability.
The safety and efficacy of once-daily use of clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel was assessed in a 12-week multi-center, randomized, blinded trial in subjects 12 years and older with moderate to severe acne vulgaris. This trial evaluated clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel compared to vehicle gel.
The co-primary efficacy variables for this trial were:
- (1) Mean absolute change from baseline at Week 12 in:
- • Inflammatory lesion counts
- • Non-inflammatory lesion counts
- (2) Percent of subjects who had a 2-grade reduction from baseline on an Evaluator’s Global Severity (EGS) score.
The EGS scoring scale used in the clinical trial for clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel is as follows:
Table 2: EGS Scoring Scale
| Grade | Description |
|---|---|
Clear | Normal, clear skin with no evidence of acne |
Almost Clear | Rare non-inflammatory lesions present, with rare non-inflamed papules (papules must be resolving and may be hyperpigmented, though not pink-red) |
Mild | Some non-inflammatory lesions are present, with few inflammatory lesions (papules/pustules only; no nodulocystic lesions) |
Moderate | Non-inflammatory lesions predominate, with multiple inflammatory lesions evident: several to many comedones and papules/pustules, and there may or may not be one small nodulocystic lesion |
Severe | Inflammatory lesions are more apparent, many comedones and papules/pustules, there may or may not be up to 2 nodulocystic lesions |
Very Severe | Highly inflammatory lesions predominate, variable number of comedones, many papules/pustules and more than 2 nodulocystic lesions |
The results of the trial at Week 12 are presented in Table 3:
| Clindamycin Phosphate and Benzoyl Peroxide Gel N = 253 | Vehicle Gel N = 245 | |
|---|---|---|
| 29% | 15% |
| 35% | 17% |
Inflammatory Lesions: | ||
| 16.3 | 8.2 |
| 60.4% | 31.3% |
Non-Inflammatory Lesions: | ||
| 19.2 | 9.6 |
| 51.8% | 27.6% |
How Supplied
Clindamycin Phosphate and Benzoyl Peroxide Gel, 1.2%/3.75% is a white to off-white smooth gel supplied as: NDC 68682-133-50 50 g pump
Dispensing Instructions for the Pharmacist
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- Dispense clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel with a 10-week expiration date.
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- Specify “Store at room temperature up to 25°C (77°F). Do not freeze.”
Storage and Handling
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- PHARMACIST: Prior to Dispensing: Store in a refrigerator, 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F).
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- PATIENT: Store at room temperature at or below 25°C (77°F).
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- Protect from freezing.
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- Store pump upright.
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- Keep out of the reach of children
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- Keep container tightly closed.
Clindamycin Phosphate and Benzoyl Peroxide Gel, 1.2%/3.75%
Important Information: Clindamycin Phosphate and Benzoyl Peroxide Gel is for use on skin only (topical use). Clindamycin Phosphate and Benzoyl Peroxide Gel is not for use in your mouth, eyes or vagina.
Read this Instructions for Use before you start using clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel and each time you get a refill. There may be new information. This information does not take the place of talking with your doctor about your medical condition or treatment.
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- Apply clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel to your face 1 time each day as prescribed.
- •
- Before you apply clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel, wash your face gently with a mild soap, rinse with warm water, and pat your skin dry.
- •
- To apply clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel to your face, use the pump to dispense one pea-sized amount of clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel onto your fingertip. See Figure 1.
- •
- One pea-sized amount of clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel should be enough to cover your entire face.
Figure 1
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- Dot the one pea-sized amount of clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel onto six areas of your face (chin, left cheek, right cheek, nose, left forehead, right forehead). See Figure 2.
Figure 2
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- Spread the gel over your face and gently rub it in. It is important to spread the gel over your entire face. If your doctor tells you to put clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel on other areas of your skin with acne, be sure to ask how much you should use.
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- Wash your hands with soap and water after applying clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel.
How should I store clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel?
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- Store clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel at room temperature at or below 77°F (25°C).
- •
- Do not freeze clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel.
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- Throw away (discard) clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel that has passed the expiration date.
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- Store pump upright.
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- Keep the container tightly closed
Keep clindamycin phosphate and benzoyl peroxide gel and all medicines out of the reach of children.
- Distributed by: Oceanside Pharmaceuticals, a division ofBausch Health US, LLC
- Bridgewater, NJ 08807 USA
Manufactured by: Bausch Health Companies Inc., Laval, Quebec H7L 4A8, Canada
U.S. Patent Numbers: 8,288,434; 9,504,704; 9,561,208; 10,137,142 and 10,220,049
© 2023 Bausch Health Companies Inc. or its affiliates
The Patient Information and Instructions for Use have been approved by the | |
Revised: January 2023 90000200 | |
Mechanism of Action
Clindamycin: Clindamycin is a lincosamide antibacterial [see Microbiology (12.4)].
Benzoyl Peroxide: Benzoyl peroxide is an oxidizing agent with bactericidal and keratolytic effects but the precise mechanism of action is unknown.